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Physical implications of a double right-handed gauge symmetry

Duong Van Loi1,*, A. E. Cárcamo Hernández2,3,4,†, N. T. Duy5,‡, D. T. Binh6,7,§, and Cao H. Nam8,9,∥

  • *Contact author: loi.duongvan@phenikaa-uni.edu.vn
  • †Contact author: antonio.carcamo@usm.cl
  • ‡Contact author: ntduy@iop.vast.vn
  • §Contact author: dinhthanhbinh@tdtu.edu.vn
  • ∥Contact author: caohoangnam@duytan.edu.vn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 075010 – Published 9 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ntq4-vvsg

Abstract

Guided by the flipping principle, we propose a novel extension of the Standard Model based on a double right-handed U(1) gauge symmetry. In this framework, all left-handed fermions are neutral, while right-handed fermions of the third generation carry charges distinct from those of the first two generations. This structure provides an explanation for the observed Standard Model fermion mass hierarchy; the heavy masses of the third generation are generated at tree level, while the lighter masses of the first and second generations arise radiatively at the one-loop level. For the active neutrino sector, the tiny masses are generated through a combination of tree-level and two-loop seesaw mechanisms. Crucially, this approach successfully reproduces the observed neutrino mass hierarchy, with the atmospheric mass-squared difference generated at tree level and the solar neutrino mass squared difference emerging at the two-loop level. These hierarchical patterns stem from the interplay between gauge invariance and a residual parity symmetry that survives the spontaneous breaking of the extended gauge group. The same residual symmetry stabilizes a viable scalar singlet dark matter candidate, which we show can reproduce the observed relic abundance while remaining consistent with current direct detection bounds. After addressing constraints from electroweak precision tests and flavor-changing neutral currents, we explore the discovery prospects for the new neutral bosons at existing and future colliders, including the LEP, LHC, and a future ILC.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 075010– Published 9 April, 2026
  • Received 14 January 2026
  • Accepted 23 March 2026
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