Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Global type IIA vacuum: A unified model for the standard model and cosmology

Yang Liu*

  • *Contact author: liu-yang_1990@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 113, 066009 – Published 16 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ngxw-sqtm

Abstract

We propose a unified framework within type IIA string theory, based on a globally consistent intersecting D6-brane model compactified on a T6/(Z2×Z2) orientifold. The model realizes the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model-like spectrum providing a framework for addressing four fundamental problems: CP violation originates from both geometric phases in Yukawa couplings and nonperturbative phases induced by E2-instantons; the observed baryon asymmetry arises via instanton-mediated operators combined with moduli-driven leptogenesis; the electroweak hierarchy is stabilized through controlled supersymmetry breaking with a TeV-scale gravitino mass near a metastable vacuum; and a de Sitter uplift is achieved via anti-D6-branes in an STU moduli stabilization scheme. Crucially, the interplay of intersecting brane geometry, Euclidean D2-instantons, and flux-induced moduli potentials provides a coherent mechanism linking collider, flavor, and cosmological phenomena.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (53)

  1. Ralph Blumenhagen, Mirjam Cvetic, Dieter Lust, Robert Richter, and Timo Weigand, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 061602 (2008).
  2. Luis E. Ibáñez and Angel M. Uranga, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2007) 052.
  3. Shamit Kachru, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, and Sandip P. Trivedi, Phys. Rev. D 68, 046005 (2003).
  4. Renata Kallosh and Andrei Linde, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2004) 004.
  5. Yang Liu, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2025) 070.
  6. Gia Dvali, arXiv:2209.14219.
  7. Yang Liu, Antonio Padilla, and Francisco G. Pedro, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2023) 014.
  8. Yang Liu, Antonio Padilla, and Francisco G. Pedro, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2024) 048.
  9. Edmund J. Copeland, M. Sami, and Shinji Tsujikawa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 15, 1753 (2006).
  10. F. Marchesano and G. Shiu, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2004) 041.
  11. P. G. Camara, A. Font, and L. E. Ibanez, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2005) 013.
  12. Luis E. Ibanez and Angel M. Uranga, String Theory and Particle Physics: An Introduction to String Phenomenology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2012).
  13. T. W. Grimm and J. Louis, Nucl. Phys. B718, 153 (2005).
  14. J. Louis and A. Micu, Nucl. Phys. B635, 395 (2002).
  15. G. Villadoro and F. Zwirner, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2005) 047.
  16. O. DeWolfe, A. Giryavets, S. Kachru, and W. Taylor, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2005) 066.
  17. Sjoerd Bielleman, Luis E. Ibanez, and Irene Valenzuela, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2015) 119.
  18. E. Bergshoeff, R. Kallosh, T. Ortin, D. Roest, and A. Van Proeyen, Classical Quantum Gravity 18, 3359 (2001).
  19. Daniel S. Freed and Edward Witten, Asian J. Math. 3, 819 (1999).
  20. Rabindra N. Mohapatra and Jogesh C. Pati, Phys. Rev. D 11, 566 (1975).
  21. J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Phys. Rev. D 10, 275 (1974).
  22. Mirjam Cvetic, Gary Shiu, and Angel M. Uranga, Phys. Rev. Lett. 20, 201801 (2001).
  23. Ralph Blumenhagen, Boris Kors, Dieter Lust, and Stephan Stieberger, Phys. Rep. 445, 1 (2007).
  24. L. E. Ibáñez, F. Marchesano, and R. Rabadán, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2001) 002.
  25. A. M. Uranga, Classical Quantum Gravity 20, S373 (2003).
  26. F. Marchesano, Fortschr. Phys. 55, 491 (2007).
  27. M. R. Douglas, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2005) 046.
  28. Matthew D. Schwartz, Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2014).
  29. String Theory And Its Applications (Tasi 2010): From Mev To The Planck Scale-Proceedings Of The 2010 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute In Elementary Particle Physics, World Scientific.
  30. D. Cremades, L. E. Ibanez, and F. Marchesano, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2003) 038.
  31. Renata Kallosh and Andrei Linde, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2020) 169.
  32. R. Blumenhagen, M. Cvetic, and T. Weigand, Nucl. Phys. B771, 113 (2007).
  33. M. Cvetic, J. Halverson, and R. Richter, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2009) 063.
  34. S. Antusch, L. E. Ibáñez, and T. Macri, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2007) 087.
  35. M. Cvetic, T. Li, and T. Liu, Nucl. Phys. B698, 163 (2004).
  36. R. Blumenhagen, V. Braun, T. W. Grimm, and T. Weigand, Nucl. Phys. B815, 1 (2009).
  37. M. Fukugita and T. Yanagida, Phys. Lett. B 174, 45 (1986).
  38. S. Davidson, E. Nardi, and Y. Nir, Phys. Rep. 466, 105 (2008).
  39. L. Covi, E. Roulet, and F. Vissani, Phys. Lett. B 384, 169 (1996).
  40. G. F. Giudice, A. Notari, M. Raidal, A. Riotto, and A. Strumia, Nucl. Phys. B685, 89 (2004).
  41. V. A. Kuzmin, V. A. Rubakov, and M. E. Shaposhnikov, Phys. Lett. 155, 36 (1985).
  42. M. E. Shaposhnikov, Nucl. Phys. B287, 757 (1987).
  43. A. G. Cohen, D. B. Kaplan, and A. E. Nelson, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 43, 27 (1993).
  44. W. Buchmüller, P. Di Bari, and M. Plümacher, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 315, 305 (2005).
  45. Planck Collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020).
  46. Niccolo Cribiori, Renata Kallosh, Christoph Roupec, and Timm Wrase, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2019) 171.
  47. Joseph P. Conlon, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 23, 1 (2008).
  48. Andrei Linde, Yann Mambrini, and Keith A. Olive, Phys. Rev. D 85, 066005 (2012).
  49. U. Danielsson and G. Dibitetto, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2014) 013.
  50. Liam McAllister, Jakob Moritz, Richard Nally, and Andreas Schachner, Phys. Rev. D 111, 086015 (2025).
  51. Mudassar Sabir, Tianjun Li, Adeel Mansha, and Xiao-Chuan Wang, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2022) 089.
  52. Mudassar Sabir, Adeel Mansha, Tianjun Li, and Zhi-Wei Wang, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2024) 252.
  53. Particle Data Group, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2022, 083C01 (2022).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation