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  • Open Access

Searching for compact pentaquark states within the bag model framework

Wen-Nian Liu1,2,*, Wen-Xuan Zhang1,3, and Fu-Quan Dou1,3,†

  • *Contact author: 1169994277@qq.com
  • †Contact author: doufq@nwnu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 111, 114031 – Published 25 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mwd4-l283

Abstract

The search for the compact limit of multiquark states is a challenging issue. Within the framework of the MIT bag model, we propose an effective limit bag radius of Rc=5.615  GeV−1 (or 1.11 fm) for bound states. When the bag radius of a hadron falls below this value, the bag binding energy satisfies EB<0, indicating that the system has a compact intention. We consider various combinations of different numbers and ratios of heavy and light quarks, indicating that the bag radius of hadrons depending on the number of quarks is suppressed by the presence of heavy quarks. Focusing on five-quark combinations, we find that the average bag radius of nnccc¯ is below the threshold Rc. We take into account color-magnetic interactions and calculate the mass, magnetic moment, binding energy, and relative strong decay width for the nnQQQ¯ system. We show that the binding energies of most states in the flavor combination nnccc¯ are approximately −20  MeV, whereas states involving bottom quarks have binding energies around −120  MeV, with some decay widths suppressed by the decay constant. Additionally, the nQQQQ¯ system exhibits even deeper binding. Our results support the compact intention of nnQQQ¯ and suggest that the nQQQQ¯ configuration demonstrates even stronger compactness.

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