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Discriminating dark matter origins with directional detection

Nicole F. Bell1, Chiara Lisotti2,*, Jayden L. Newstead1, Ciaran A. J. O’Hare2, and Iman Shaukat Ali1,†

  • *Contact author: maria.lisotti@sydney.edu.au
  • †Contact author: ishaukatali@student.unimelb.edu.au
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083006 – Published 5 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mgbp-zd59

Abstract

Scenarios where dark matter is boosted to relativistic velocities provide a promising probe of sub-GeV dark matter. Cosmic-ray upscattered and supernova-produced dark matter generate relativistic fluxes peaked toward the Galactic Center, an anisotropy that offers a strong directional signature and is not mimicked by any terrestrial or cosmic background. We determine how many directional recoil events are required in a gas time-projection chamber to distinguish various scenarios for the origin of dark matter particles arriving in the Solar System, which are otherwise indistinguishable without directionality. We find that standard halo dark matter particles can be distinguished from boosted populations with as few as O(20) events under reasonable track reconstruction performance and background conditions.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083006– Published 5 October, 2026
  • Received 19 March 2026
  • Accepted 17 August 2026
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