Quantum field-theoretic framework for neutrino decoherence from scattering in a medium
Phys. Rev. D 114, 043072 – Published 26 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lsf2-yl1p
Abstract
We develop a theoretical framework for quantum field description of neutrino evolution in a medium, with a focus on quantum decoherence induced by neutrino scattering on fermions. By deriving a generalized Lindblad master equation that accounts for neutrino momentum-changing transitions, we go beyond the standard treatment that assumes fixed neutrino momentum. Our model explicitly connects decoherence parameters to scattering cross sections, offering a bridge between theoretical predictions and experimental constraints on neutrino quantum decoherence. We apply the developed formalism to several scenarios: (1) neutrino scattering on electrons, (2) neutrino scattering on protons and neutrons through nonstandard interactions, and (3) neutrino scattering on dark matter fermions. The obtained results demonstrate that decoherence effects can significantly alter neutrino oscillation patterns and provide a new probe for physics beyond the Standard Model.
