- Open Access
Early release of low-frequency atlas of continuous gravitational waves
Phys. Rev. D 113, 042001 – Published 11 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ls78-wx5t
Abstract
We present the public release of the low-frequency atlas of continuous gravitational waves, covering signals with frequencies from 20 Hz to 200 Hz and frequency derivatives from to . Compared to the previous atlas releases, this version demonstrates significant improvements in sensitivity and sky resolution. In the most sensitive region, even the worst-case upper limits on gravitational wave strain are below . The atlas data are being released ahead of the completion of the full follow-up analysis.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
Supplemental Material
References (20)
- Vladimir Dergachev and Maria Alessandra Papa, Frequency-resolved atlas of the sky in continuous gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. X 13, 021020 (2023).
- Vladimir Dergachev and Maria Alessandra Papa, Early release of the expanded atlas of the sky in continuous gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 109, 022007 (2024).
- Vladimir Dergachev and Maria Alessandra Papa, Expanded atlas of the sky in continuous gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 112, 042005 (2025).
- The O3a Data Release, 10.7935/nfnt-hm34.
- The O3b Data Release, 10.7935/pr1e-j706.
- B. McGloughlin, J. Martins, B. Steltner, M. A. Papa, H. B. Eggenstein, B. Machenschalk, R. Prix, and M. Bensch, Einstein@Home all-sky “bucket” search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO O3 public data, Astrophys. J. 997, 149 (2026).
- R. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, and KAGRA Collaboration), All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo O3 data, Phys. Rev. D 106, 102008 (2022).
- J. Aasi et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration), Advanced LIGO, Classical Quantum Gravity 32, 7 (2015).
- A. Singh, M. A. Papa, and V. Dergachev, Characterizing the sensitivity of isolated continuous gravitational wave searches to binary orbits, Phys. Rev. D 100, 024058 (2019).
- A. Singh and M. A. Papa, Opportunistic search for continuous gravitational waves from compact objects in long-period binaries, Astrophys. J. 943, 99 (2023).
- M. Baryakhtar, R. Lasenby, and M. Teo, Black hole superradiance signatures of ultralight vectors, Phys. Rev. D 96, 035019 (2017).
- A. Arvanitaki, M. Baryakhtar, R. Lasenby, S. Dimopoulos, and S. Dubovsky, Black hole mergers and the QCD axion at Advanced LIGO, Phys. Rev. D 95, 043001 (2017).
- A. Arvanitaki, M. Baryakhtar, and X. Huang, Discovering the QCD axion with black holes and gravitational waves, Phys. Rev. D 91, 084011 (2015).
- S. J. Zhu, M. Baryakhtar, M. A. Papa, D. Tsuna, N. Kawanaka, and H. Eggenstein, Characterizing the continuous gravitational-wave signal from boson clouds around Galactic isolated black holes, Phys. Rev. D 102, 063020 (2020).
- See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/ls78-wx5t for numerical values of upper limits; Also at https://www.aei.mpg.de/continuouswaves/O3fFalcon20-200 including the full ATLAS.
- Vladimir Dergachev, Efficient representations of upper limits and confidence intervals for experimental data, Phys. Rev. D 110, 085001 (2024).
- V. Dergachev, A novel universal statistic for computing upper limits in Ill-behaved background, Phys. Rev. D 87, 062001 (2013).
- B. Steltner, M. A. Papa, H. B. Eggenstein, R. Prix, M. Bensch, B. Allen, and B. Machenschalk, Deep Einstein@Home all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO O3 public data, Astrophys. J. 952, 55 (2023).
- B. McGloughlin, B. Steltner, J. Martins, M. A. Papa, H. B. Eggenstein, J. Ming, B. Machenschalk, R. Prix, and M. Bensch, High-frequency continuous gravitational waves searched in LIGO O3 public data with Einstein@Home, arXiv:2508.20073.
- gw-openscience.org.