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    Nonlinear matter power spectrum from relativistic N-body simulations: ΛsCDM versus ΛCDM

    Özgür Akarsu1,*, Eleonora Di Valentino2,†, Jiří Vyskočil3,4,‡, Ezgi Y𝚤lmaz5,§, A. Emrah Yükselci1,∥, and Alexander Zhuk3,4,6,¶

    • *Contact author: akarsuo@itu.edu.tr
    • †Contact author: e.divalentino@sheffield.ac.uk
    • ‡Contact author: j.vyskocil@hzdr.de
    • §Contact author: ezgi.yilmaz@dzastro.de
    • ∥Contact author: yukselcia@itu.edu.tr
    • Contact author: ai.zhuk2@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 083508 – Published 6 April, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lmt4-hshz

    Abstract

    We present relativistic N-body simulations of a ΛsCDM—sign-switching cosmological constant (CC)—scenario under general relativity and compare its nonlinear matter power spectrum to ΛCDM at z=15, 2, 1, 0, using best-fit parameters from Planck-only and a combined “full” dataset. During the AdS-like CC (Λs<0) phase, prior to the transition redshift z†, reduced Hubble friction dynamically enhances the growth of perturbations; after the switch, with dS-like CC (Λs>0), the larger late-time expansion rate partly suppresses, but does not erase, the earlier amplification. Consequently, the ratio PΛsCDM/PΛCDM exhibits a pronounced, redshift-dependent shape feature: a crest peaking at about 20%–25% around k≃1–3h  Mpc−1 near the transition, which then migrates to larger physical scales and persists to z=0 as a robust uplift of around 15%–20% at k≃0.6–1.0h  Mpc−1. These wave numbers correspond to group or poor-cluster environments and lie within the sensitivity range of weak lensing, galaxy-galaxy lensing, cluster counts, and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich power, providing a concrete, falsifiable target that cannot be mimicked by a scale-independent change in σ8 or S8. The timing (earlier for Planck-only, later for the full dataset) and the amplitude of the crest align with the “cosmic noon” epoch (z≃1–2), offering a gravitational prior for the observed peak in the cosmic star-formation rate.

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