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    Gravitational shadow and emission spectrum of thin accretion disks in a plasma medium

    Kirill Kobialko*, Dmitri Gal’tsov†, and Alexey Molchanov‡

    • *Contact author: kobyalkokv@yandex.ru
    • †Contact author: galtsov@phys.msu.ru
    • ‡Contact author: alexeybm2009@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 044039 – Published 20 August, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/lm4m-v7hj

    Abstract

    In anticipation of future multifrequency observations of black hole with the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope, we construct spectral images of a thin accretion disk around a spherically symmetric black hole immersed in cold, nonmagnetized, pressureless plasma. The radiation from the disk is assumed to be thermal, and the surrounding plasma is entrained by its rotation. We use the general relativistic transport equation for the radiation in the plasma, accounting for both dispersion and plasma motion but neglecting absorption. Shadow images and intensity maps are computed across the full spectrum for an inverse power-law plasma density profile. The results show a strong dependence of the observed images on the radiation frequency, which looks promising for the possibility of extracting new information in future observations of the Next Generation Event Horizon Telescope.

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