Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Validity of bounds on light axions for f≲1013  GeV

Martin Bauer and Sreemanti Chakraborti

Phys. Rev. D 112, 103019 – Published 12 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/l94k-l152

Abstract

Light bosonic dark matter fields that can be treated like a classical wave have nonlinear field values close to massive bodies. Here we make the important observation that the quadratic interactions of axion dark matter lead to nonperturbative axion field values for values of the decay constant of f≲1013  GeV and masses ma≲7×108/f  eV2 and generalize this result for axionlike particles. We identify experimental observables impacted by this effect.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (62)

  1. W. Hu, R. Barkana, and A. Gruzinov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1158 (2000).
  2. L. Hui, J. P. Ostriker, S. Tremaine, and E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D 95, 043541 (2017).
  3. L. Hui, Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 59, 247 (2021).
  4. M. S. Turner, F. Wilczek, and A. Zee, Phys. Lett. 125B, 35 (1983); 125B, 519(E) (1983).
  5. M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D 28, 1243 (1983).
  6. A. Arvanitaki, J. Huang, and K. Van Tilburg, Phys. Rev. D 91, 015015 (2015).
  7. A. Hees, O. Minazzoli, E. Savalle, Y. V. Stadnik, and P. Wolf, Phys. Rev. D 98, 064051 (2018).
  8. A. Banerjee, G. Perez, M. Safronova, I. Savoray, and A. Shalit, J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2023) 042.
  9. A. Hook and J. Huang, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2018) 036.
  10. M. Bauer, S. Chakraborti, and G. Rostagni, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2025) 023.
  11. M. Bauer, M. Neubert, S. Renner, M. Schnubel, and A. Thamm, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 081803 (2021).
  12. G. Grilli di Cortona, E. Hardy, J. Pardo Vega, and G. Villadoro, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2016) 034.
  13. M. Bauer, M. Neubert, S. Renner, M. Schnubel, and A. Thamm, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2021) 063.
  14. H. Kim, A. Lenoci, G. Perez, and W. Ratzinger, Phys. Rev. D 109, 015030 (2024).
  15. J. M. Alarcon, J. Martin Camalich, and J. A. Oller, Ann. Phys. (Amsterdam) 336, 413 (2013).
  16. C. Beadle, S. A. R. Ellis, J. Quevillon, and P. N. Hoa Vuong, Phys. Rev. D 110, 035019 (2024).
  17. T. Damour and J. F. Donoghue, Phys. Rev. D 82, 084033 (2010).
  18. L. Hunter, J. Gordon, S. Peck, D. Ang, and J. F. Lin, Science 339, 928 (2013).
  19. L. R. Hunter and D. Ang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 091803 (2014).
  20. R. Balkin, J. Serra, K. Springmann, and A. Weiler, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 221.
  21. L. Di Luzio, B. Gavela, P. Quilez, and A. Ringwald, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2021) 184.
  22. R. Balkin, J. Serra, K. Springmann, S. Stelzl, and A. Weiler, Phys. Rev. D 109, 095032 (2024).
  23. R. Balkin, J. Serra, K. Springmann, S. Stelzl, and A. Weiler, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2025) 141.
  24. P. W. Graham and S. Rajendran, Phys. Rev. D 88, 035023 (2013).
  25. D. Budker, P. W. Graham, M. Ledbetter, S. Rajendran, and A. Sushkov, Phys. Rev. X 4, 021030 (2014).
  26. D. F. Jackson Kimball and G. Rybka, Springer Proc. Phys. 245, 105 (2020).
  27. P. Agrawal, D. E. Kaplan, O. Kim, S. Rajendran, and M. Reig, Phys. Rev. D 108, 015017 (2023).
  28. I. Stern, A. A. Chisholm, J. Hoskins, P. Sikivie, N. S. Sullivan, D. B. Tanner, G. Carosi, and K. van Bibber, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 123305 (2015).
  29. T. Braine et al. (ADMX Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 101303 (2020).
  30. B. T. McAllister, A. P. Quiskamp, and M. E. Tobar, Phys. Rev. D 109, 015013 (2024).
  31. A. A. Anselm, Yad. Fiz. 42, 1480 (1985), https://inspirehep.net/literature/157263.
  32. K. Van Bibber, N. R. Dagdeviren, S. E. Koonin, A. Kerman, and H. N. Nelson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 759 (1987).
  33. P. Touboul et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 231101 (2017).
  34. P. Touboul et al., Classical Quantum Gravity 39, 204009 (2022).
  35. A. Branca et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 021302 (2017).
  36. J. Manley, D. Wilson, R. Stump, D. Grin, and S. Singh, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 151301 (2020).
  37. A. Hees, J. Guéna, M. Abgrall, S. Bize, and P. Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 061301 (2016).
  38. K. Beloy et al. (BACON Collaboration), Nature (London) 591, 564 (2021).
  39. V. V. Flambaum and I. B. Samsonov, Phys. Rev. D 108, 075022 (2023).
  40. M. Filzinger, S. Dörscher, R. Lange, J. Klose, M. Steinel, E. Benkler, E. Peik, C. Lisdat, and N. Huntemann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 253001 (2023).
  41. M. G. Kozlov and S. A. Levshakov, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 525, 452 (2013).
  42. A. Banerjee, H. Kim, O. Matsedonskyi, G. Perez, and M. S. Safronova, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 153.
  43. A. Banerjee, D. Budker, M. Filzinger, N. Huntemann, G. Paz, G. Perez, S. Porsev, and M. Safronova, arXiv:2301.10784.
  44. A. Caputo, D. Gazit, H.-W. Hammer, J. Kopp, G. Paz, G. Perez, and K. Springmann, Phys. Rev. C 112, L031302 (2025).
  45. H. Grote and Y. V. Stadnik, Phys. Rev. Res. 1, 033187 (2019).
  46. E. Savalle, A. Hees, F. Frank, E. Cantin, P.-E. Pottie, B. M. Roberts, L. Cros, B. T. Mcallister, and P. Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 051301 (2021).
  47. W. Zhao, D. Gao, J. Wang, and M. Zhan, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 54, 41 (2022).
  48. O. Buchmueller, J. Ellis, and U. Schneider, Contemp. Phys. 64, 93 (2023).
  49. V. Anastassopoulos et al. (CAST Collaboration), Nat. Phys. 13, 584 (2017).
  50. V. V. Flambaum, B. T. McAllister, I. B. Samsonov, and M. E. Tobar, Phys. Rev. D 106, 055037 (2022).
  51. B. T. McAllister, A. Quiskamp, C. A. J. O’Hare, P. Altin, E. N. Ivanov, M. Goryachev, and M. E. Tobar, Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 536, 2200622 (2024).
  52. K. Mimasu and V. Sanz, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2015) 173.
  53. M. Bauer, M. Neubert, and A. Thamm, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2017) 044.
  54. I. Brivio, M. B. Gavela, L. Merlo, K. Mimasu, J. M. No, R. del Rey, and V. Sanz, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 572 (2017).
  55. M. B. Gavela, R. Houtz, P. Quilez, R. Del Rey, and O. Sumensari, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 369 (2019).
  56. M. Bauer, M. Neubert, S. Renner, M. Schnubel, and A. Thamm, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2022) 056.
  57. P. J. Fox, N. Weiner, and H. Xiao, Phys. Rev. D 108, 095043 (2023).
  58. T. Damour and G. Esposito-Farese, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 2220 (1993).
  59. T. Damour and G. Esposito-Farese, Phys. Rev. D 54, 1474 (1996).
  60. Y. G. del Castillo, B. Hammett, and J. Jaeckel, arXiv:2502.04456.
  61. A. Banerjee, I. M. Bloch, Q. Bonnefoy, S. A. R. Ellis, G. Perez, I. Savoray, K. Springmann, and Y. V. Stadnik, arXiv:2502.04455.
  62. J. Fan, Phys. Dark Universe 14, 84 (2016).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation