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Gluon shadowing effect in light and heavy nuclei at small x

A. V. Lipatov1, G. I. Lykasov2, and M. A. Malyshev1,3

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014025 – Published 15 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kr1f-d1bg

Abstract

We propose new transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon densities in nuclei. Our method is based on a combination of the color dipole scattering formalism, within which we interpret the nuclear deep inelastic structure functions F2A(x,Q2) and well-established property of geometrical scaling from nucleons to nuclei. As an input, we employ the TMD gluon density in a proton that provides a self-consistent simultaneous description of the numerous HERA and LHC data on pp, ep, and γp processes. After fitting the relevant phenomenological parameters to the experimental data on the ratios F2A(x,Q2)/F2A′(x,Q2) for several nuclear targets A and A′, we derive the corresponding nuclear gluon distributions. Then, we make predictions for gluon shadowing effects at small Bjorken x in their dependence of the mass number A. A comparison with other approaches is given.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 014025– Published 15 July, 2025
  • Received 3 May 2025
  • Accepted 23 June 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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