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Directional recoil detection for CEvNS measurements with light nuclei at the Spallation Neutron Source

Ciaran A. J. O’Hare1,*, Anirudh Chandra Shekar2, Chiara Lisotti1, Michael Litke3, Nityasa Mishra2, Jayden L. Newstead4, Louis E. Strigari2, and Sven E. Vahsen3

  • *Contact author: ciaran.ohare@sydney.edu.au
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 072006 – Published 16 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kj5m-y2g7

Abstract

The coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos on nuclei, also known as CEνNS, has been studied for several years by the COHERENT program of experiments using neutrinos from stopped-pion decays produced at the Oak Ridge Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). We propose a new approach for CEνNS measurements at the SNS that aims to complement the COHERENT experiments in two main ways: by reconstructing the angular distribution of CEνNS -induced recoils, and by measuring CEνNS on much lighter target nuclei such as helium, carbon, and fluorine. The proposed detector would employ a gaseous time-projection chamber with a highly segmented charge readout to enable the spatial reconstruction of ∼10–500  keV ionization tracks created by CEνNS -induced recoils. This would enable the simultaneous measurement of the CEνNS recoil energy and scattering angle, thereby allowing event-by-event reconstruction of the neutrino energy. We estimate that a 60∶40 He:CF4 gas mixture at atmospheric pressure offers a good trade-off between total target mass and good directionality and could deliver a detection of the angular distribution of CEνNS, even under pessimistic background conditions. We project the sensitivity of 1 and 10  m3-scale detectors in the context of several physics cases, including: the measurement of the Standard Model CEνNS cross section, reconstruction of the flavor-dependent neutrino fluxes, observing the neutrino-induced Migdal effect, constraints on beyond-Standard-Model neutrino interactions, and probing 10-eV-scale sterile neutrinos.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 072006– Published 16 October, 2026
  • Received 2 April 2026
  • Accepted 30 September 2026
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