Fuzzy dark matter soliton as gravitational lens
Phys. Rev. D 113, 043029 – Published 17 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kfyg-bw8d
Abstract
The Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) equations predict fuzzy dark matter (FDM) solitons. Given the FDM mass , the FDM soliton in the Milky Way is massive but diffuse . Therefore, such FDM soliton can serve as a gravitational lens for gravitational waves (GWs) with frequency . In this paper, we investigate its gravitational lensing effects by numerical simulation of the propagation of GWs through it. We find that the maximum magnification factor of GWs is very small , but the corresponding magnification zone is huge for FDM with mass equal to . Consequently, this small magnification factor compounding over such large magnification zone results in a small antisotropy of over a large solid angle in the GW background. That level of anisotropy is out of the sensitivity, , of the pulsar timing arrays today.