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    Fuzzy dark matter soliton as gravitational lens

    Ke Wang1,* and M. Le Delliou2,3,4,5,6,†

    • *Contact author: wangke@lnnu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: delliou@lzu.edu.cn, Morgan.LeDelliou.IFT@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 043029 – Published 17 February, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kfyg-bw8d

    Abstract

    The Schrödinger-Poisson (SP) equations predict fuzzy dark matter (FDM) solitons. Given the FDM mass ∼10−20  eV/c2, the FDM soliton in the Milky Way is massive ∼107M⊙ but diffuse ∼10  pc. Therefore, such FDM soliton can serve as a gravitational lens for gravitational waves (GWs) with frequency ∼10−8  Hz. In this paper, we investigate its gravitational lensing effects by numerical simulation of the propagation of GWs through it. We find that the maximum magnification factor of GWs is very small ∼10−4, but the corresponding magnification zone is huge ∼6  pc for FDM with mass equal to 8×10−21  eV/c2. Consequently, this small magnification factor compounding over such large magnification zone results in a small antisotropy of ∼10−4 over a large solid angle in the GW background. That level of anisotropy is out of the sensitivity, <20%, of the pulsar timing arrays today.

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