Higher-multipole spin-aligned eccentric gravitational waveform generation via Fourier neural networks
Phys. Rev. D 112, 084025 – Published 9 October, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hzsq-5v2n
Abstract
We present a new data-driven waveform model for spin-aligned, eccentric binary black hole waveforms, constructed using a Fourier analysis network (FAN) architecture. Compared to conventional multilayer perceptron (MLP) architecture, the FAN architecture achieves higher accuracy under the same parameter budget and reduces training time by 7%. Its trigonometric activation functions embed Fourier features into the network, mitigating MLPs’ spectral bias and enabling more accurate modeling of oscillatory waveform structures. Our model supports mass ratios , eccentricities , aligned spins , and relativistic anamaly , covering spin-weighted spherical harmonic modes. For (2,2)-mode, the median mismatch of our model is 1e-3 under advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory sensitivity, and the generation speed is , which is faster than seobnrv5ehm. In the low-mismatch region (, , , and ), the maximum mismatch for the (2,2) mode is below 1.3%. Compared to existing eccentric surrogate or data-driven waveform models, it achieves broader parameter coverage while maintaining a comparable level of accuracy (mismatch ). These results demonstrate that the proposed FAN-based model offers a reliable and efficient framework for eccentric waveform modeling, with the potential to accelerate gravitational wave data analysis.