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    Cosmological constraints on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity

    Jing-Zhi Zhou1,*, Zhi-Chao Li1,†, and Di Wu2,‡

    • *Contact author: zhoujingzhi@tju.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: lizc@tju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: wudi@ucas.ac.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 063511 – Published 10 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hxwm-dc9d

    Abstract

    In contrast to the large-scale primordial power spectrum Pζ(k) and primordial non-Gaussianity fNL, which are strictly constrained, the small-scale Pζ(k) and fNL are not as limited. Considering local-type primordial non-Gaussianity, we study the primordial black holes (PBHs) and scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) caused by large-amplitude small-scale primordial power spectrum. By analyzing current observational data from pulsar timing array (PTA), cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and abundance of PBHs, and combining it with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) analysis of Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), we rigorously constrain the parameter space of Pζ(k) and fNL. Furthermore, we examine the effects of different shapes of the primordial power spectrum on these constraints and comprehensively calculate the Bayesian factors for various models. Our results indicate that SIGWs generated by a monochromatic primordial power spectrum are more likely to dominate current PTA observations, with the corresponding constraint on the primordial non-Gaussian parameter being −10.0<fNL<1.2.

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