Modeling Newtonian noise of acoustic origin in the Virgo gravitational wave detector
Phys. Rev. D 114, 042002 – Published 21 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hxnc-xbm9
Abstract
Since the first gravitational-wave (GW) detection of September 14, 2015, and with hundreds of gravitational-wave sources identified by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, GW have produced many important results in astrophysics and fundamental physics. Along with planned new data takings, current detectors will be upgraded, and new projects, such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, are under study. Among noises limiting low frequency sensitivity, vibroacoustic noises are particularly important. In this work, we focus on the gravity gradient noise (also called Newtonian noise) of acoustic origin, which refers to the small fluctuations in the gravity field resulting from the acoustic pressure field present in the experimental areas of the detector. The induced noise is quantified in an original way, using a detailed numerical acoustic model of the experimental room, when the pressure field is excited by the air conditioning system. The method is used for Virgo, but it can be easily extended for future detectors and used to guide the design of caverns and experimental areas.
