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    Large-eccentricity asymptotics and a fast analytic approximation for Fourier modes of post-Newtonian eccentric waveforms

    Xiaolin Liu1,* and Zhoujian Cao2,3,4,†

    • *Contact author: shallyn.liu@foxmail.com
    • †Contact author: zjcao@bnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 114, 063009 – Published 4 September, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ht2j-nfd8

    Abstract

    In this work, we develop analytic asymptotic methods for computing the Fourier modes of gravitational waves from post-Newtonian binary systems in the quasi-Keplerian parametrization in the high eccentricity regime. We also derive the large-eccentricity asymptotic expansion of the eccentricity enhancement function appearing in the tail contributions to the radiation. Furthermore, based on these results, we construct an end point-constrained analytic approximation that significantly accelerates the computation of the Fourier modes at large eccentricity. The overall error of this analytic approximation is controlled within 10−3, and it remains valid for Fourier modes with p≤200 and e≤0.9. This approach provides analytic building blocks for modeling frequency-domain gravitational waves from highly eccentric binaries.

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