Open Access

Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$

N. J. Abdulameer^15,23, U. Acharya¹⁹, C. Aidala^39,45, N. N. Ajitanand^66,*, Y. Akiba^61,62,†, R. Akimoto¹¹, J. Alexander⁶⁶, M. Alfred²², V. Andrieux⁴⁵ et al. (PHENIX Collaboration)

V. Andrieux⁴⁵, S. Antsupov⁶⁴, K. Aoki^32,61, N. Apadula^28,67, H. Asano^35,61, E. T. Atomssa⁶⁷, T. C. Awes⁵⁶, B. Azmoun⁷, V. Babintsev²⁴, M. Bai⁶, X. Bai¹⁰, N. S. Bandara⁴³, B. Bannier⁶⁷, E. Bannikov⁶⁴, K. N. Barish⁸, S. Bathe^5,62, V. Baublis⁵⁹, C. Baumann⁷, S. Baumgart⁶¹, A. Bazilevsky⁷, M. Beaumier⁸, R. Belmont^12,54, A. Berdnikov⁶⁴, Y. Berdnikov⁶⁴, L. Bichon⁷³, D. Black⁸, B. Blankenship⁷³, D. S. Blau^34,51, J. S. Bok⁵³, V. Borisov⁶⁴, K. Boyle⁶², M. L. Brooks³⁹, J. Bryslawskyj^5,8, H. Buesching⁷, V. Bumazhnov²⁴, S. Butsyk⁵², S. Campbell^13,28, R. Cervantes⁶⁷, C.-H. Chen⁶², D. Chen⁶⁷, M. Chiu⁷, C. Y. Chi¹³, I. J. Choi²⁵, J. B. Choi^30,*, S. Choi⁶⁵, P. Christiansen⁴⁰, T. Chujo⁷¹, V. Cianciolo⁵⁶, Z. Citron⁷⁴, B. A. Cole¹³, M. Connors^19,62, R. Corliss⁶⁷, N. Cronin^47,67, N. Crossette⁴⁷, M. Csanád¹⁶, T. Csörgő^44,75, L. D’Orazio⁴², T. W. Danley⁵⁵, A. Datta⁵², M. S. Daugherity¹, G. David^7,67, K. DeBlasio⁵², K. Dehmelt⁶⁷, A. Denisov²⁴, A. Deshpande^62,67, E. J. Desmond⁷, L. Ding²⁸, A. Dion⁶⁷, D. Dixit⁶⁷, V. Doomra⁶⁷, J. H. Do⁷⁶, O. Drapier³⁶, A. Drees⁶⁷, K. A. Drees⁶, J. M. Durham³⁹, A. Durum²⁴, H. En’yo^61,62, T. Engelmore¹³, A. Enokizono^61,63, R. Esha⁶⁷, K. O. Eyser⁷, B. Fadem⁴⁷, W. Fan⁶⁷, N. Feege⁶⁷, D. E. Fields⁵², M. Finger, Jr.⁹, M. Finger⁹, D. Firak^15,67, D. Fitzgerald⁴⁵, F. Fleuret³⁶, S. L. Fokin³⁴, J. E. Frantz⁵⁵, A. Franz⁷, A. D. Frawley¹⁸, Y. Fukao³², Y. Fukuda⁷¹, T. Fusayasu⁴⁹, K. Gainey¹, P. Gallus¹⁴, C. Gal⁶⁷, P. Garg^3,67, A. Garishvili⁶⁹, I. Garishvili³⁸, H. Ge⁶⁷, F. Giordano²⁵, A. Glenn³⁸, X. Gong⁶⁶, M. Gonin³⁶, Y. Goto^61,62, R. Granier de Cassagnac³⁶, N. Grau², S. V. Greene⁷³, M. Grosse Perdekamp²⁵, T. Gunji¹¹, T. Guo⁶⁷, H. Guragain¹⁹, Y. Gu⁶⁶, T. Hachiya^61,62, J. S. Haggerty⁷, K. I. Hahn¹⁷, H. Hamagaki¹¹, H. F. Hamilton¹, J. Hanks⁶⁷, S. Y. Han^17,33, S. Hasegawa²⁹, T. O. S. Haseler¹⁹, K. Hashimoto^61,63, R. Hayano¹¹, T. K. Hemmick⁶⁷, T. Hester⁸, X. He¹⁹, J. C. Hill²⁸, K. Hill¹², A. Hodges^19,25, R. S. Hollis⁸, K. Homma²¹, B. Hong³³, T. Hoshino²¹, N. Hotvedt²⁸, J. Huang^7,39, T. Ichihara^61,62, Y. Ikeda⁶¹, K. Imai²⁹, Y. Imazu⁶¹, M. Inaba⁷¹, A. Iordanova⁸, D. Isenhower¹, A. Isinhue⁴⁷, D. Ivanishchev⁵⁹, S. J. Jeon⁴⁸, M. Jezghani¹⁹, X. Jiang³⁹, Z. Ji⁶⁷, B. M. Johnson ^7,19, K. S. Joo⁴⁸, D. Jouan⁵⁷, D. S. Jumper²⁵, J. Kamin⁶⁷, S. Kanda^11,32, B. H. Kang²⁰, J. H. Kang⁷⁶, J. S. Kang²⁰, D. Kapukchyan⁸, J. Kapustinsky³⁹, S. Karthas⁶⁷, D. Kawall⁴³, A. V. Kazantsev³⁴, J. A. Key⁵², V. Khachatryan⁶⁷, P. K. Khandai³, A. Khanzadeev⁵⁹, K. M. Kijima²¹, C. Kim^8,33, D. J. Kim³¹, E.-J. Kim³⁰, M. Kim⁶⁵, Y.-J. Kim²⁵, Y. K. Kim²⁰, D. Kincses¹⁶, E. Kistenev⁷, J. Klatsky¹⁸, D. Kleinjan⁸, P. Kline⁶⁷, T. Koblesky¹², M. Kofarago^16,75, B. Komkov⁵⁹, J. Koster⁶², D. Kotchetkov⁵⁵, D. Kotov^59,64, L. Kovacs¹⁶, F. Krizek³¹, S. Kudo⁷¹, K. Kurita⁶³, M. Kurosawa^61,62, Y. Kwon⁷⁶, Y. S. Lai¹³, J. G. Lajoie^28,56, A. Lebedev²⁸, D. M. Lee³⁹, G. H. Lee³⁰, J. Lee^17,68, K. B. Lee³⁹, K. S. Lee³³, S. Lee⁷⁶, S. H. Lee^28,67, M. J. Leitch³⁹, M. Leitgab²⁵, Y. H. Leung⁶⁷, B. Lewis⁶⁷, S. H. Lim^39,60,76, M. X. Liu³⁹, X. Li¹⁰, X. Li³⁹, V.-R. Loggins²⁵, S. Lokos¹⁶, D. A. Loomis⁴⁵, K. Lovasz¹⁵, D. Lynch⁷, C. F. Maguire⁷³, T. Majoros¹⁵, Y. I. Makdisi⁶, M. Makek^74,77, A. Manion⁶⁷, V. I. Manko³⁴, E. Mannel⁷, M. McCumber^12,39, P. L. McGaughey³⁹, D. McGlinchey^12,18,39, C. McKinney²⁵, A. Meles⁵³, M. Mendoza⁸, B. Meredith²⁵, Y. Miake⁷¹, T. Mibe³², A. C. Mignerey⁴², A. Milov⁷⁴, D. K. Mishra⁴, J. T. Mitchell⁷, M. Mitrankova^64,67, Iu. Mitrankov^64,67, G. Mitsuka^32,62, S. Miyasaka^61,70, S. Mizuno^61,71, A. K. Mohanty⁴, S. Mohapatra⁶⁶, P. Montuenga²⁵, T. Moon^33,76, D. P. Morrison⁷, M. Moskowitz⁴⁷, T. V. Moukhanova³⁴, B. Mulilo^33,61,78, T. Murakami^35,61, J. Murata^61,63, A. Mwai⁶⁶, T. Nagae³⁵, K. Nagai⁷⁰, S. Nagamiya^32,61, K. Nagashima²¹, T. Nagashima⁶³, J. L. Nagle¹², M. I. Nagy¹⁶, I. Nakagawa^61,62, Y. Nakamiya²¹, K. R. Nakamura^35,61, T. Nakamura⁶¹, K. Nakano^61,70, C. Nattrass⁶⁹, P. K. Netrakanti⁴, M. Nihashi^21,61, T. Niida⁷¹, R. Nouicer^7,62, N. Novitzky^31,67, T. Novák^44,75, G. Nukazuka^61,62, A. S. Nyanin³⁴, E. O’Brien⁷, C. A. Ogilvie²⁸, H. Oide¹¹, K. Okada⁶², J. D. Orjuela Koop¹², M. Orosz^15,23, J. D. Osborn^45,56, A. Oskarsson⁴⁰, G. J. Ottino⁵², K. Ozawa^32,71, R. Pak⁷, V. Pantuev²⁶, V. Papavassiliou⁵³, I. H. Park^17,68, J. S. Park⁶⁵, S. Park^46,61,65,67, S. K. Park³³, L. Patel¹⁹, M. Patel²⁸, S. F. Pate⁵³, J.-C. Peng²⁵, D. V. Perepelitsa^7,12,13, G. D. N. Perera⁵³, D. Yu. Peressounko³⁴, C. E. PerezLara⁶⁷, J. Perry²⁸, R. Petti^7,67, M. Phipps^7,25, C. Pinkenburg⁷, R. P. Pisani⁷, M. Potekhin⁷, M. L. Purschke⁷, H. Qu¹, J. Rak³¹, I. Ravinovich⁷⁴, K. F. Read^56,69, D. Reynolds⁶⁶, V. Riabov^51,59, Y. Riabov^59,64, E. Richardson⁴², D. Richford^5,72, T. Rinn²⁸, N. Riveli⁵⁵, D. Roach⁷³, S. D. Rolnick⁸, M. Rosati²⁸, Z. Rowan⁵, M. S. Ryu²⁰, A. S. Safonov⁶⁴, B. Sahlmueller⁶⁷, N. Saito³², T. Sakaguchi⁷, H. Sako²⁹, V. Samsonov^51,59, M. Sarsour¹⁹, S. Sato²⁹, S. Sawada³², B. Schaefer⁷³, B. K. Schmoll⁶⁹, K. Sedgwick⁸, J. Seele⁶², R. Seidl^61,62, Y. Sekiguchi¹¹, A. Seleznev⁶⁴, A. Sen^19,28,69, R. Seto⁸, P. Sett⁴, A. Sexton⁴², D. Sharma⁶⁷, A. Shaver²⁸, I. Shein²⁴, Z. Shi³⁹, T.-A. Shibata^61,70, K. Shigaki²¹, M. Shimomura^28,50, T. Shioya⁷¹, K. Shoji⁶¹, P. Shukla⁴, A. Sickles^7,25, C. L. Silva³⁹, D. Silvermyr^40,56, B. K. Singh³, C. P. Singh^3,*, V. Singh³, M. Skolnik⁴⁷, M. Slunečka⁹, K. L. Smith^18,39, M. Snowball³⁹, S. Solano⁴⁷, R. A. Soltz³⁸, W. E. Sondheim³⁹, S. P. Sorensen⁶⁹, I. V. Sourikova⁷, P. W. Stankus⁵⁶, P. Steinberg⁷, E. Stenlund⁴⁰, M. Stepanov^43,*, A. Ster⁷⁵, S. P. Stoll⁷, M. R. Stone¹², T. Sugitate²¹, A. Sukhanov⁷, T. Sumita⁶¹, J. Sun⁶⁷, Z. Sun^15,23,67, J. Sziklai⁷⁵, A. Takahara¹¹, A. Taketani^61,62, Y. Tanaka⁴⁹, K. Tanida^29,62,65, M. J. Tannenbaum⁷, S. Tarafdar^3,73,74, A. Taranenko^51,66, G. Tarnai¹⁵, E. Tennant⁵³, R. Tieulent^19,41, A. Timilsina²⁸, T. Todoroki^61,62,71, M. Tomášek^14,27, H. Torii¹¹, C. L. Towell¹, R. S. Towell¹, I. Tserruya⁷⁴, Y. Ueda²¹, B. Ujvari^15,23, H. W. van Hecke³⁹, M. Vargyas^16,75, E. Vazquez-Zambrano¹³, A. Veicht¹³, J. Velkovska⁷³, M. Virius¹⁴, V. Vrba^14,27, N. Vukman⁷⁷, E. Vznuzdaev⁵⁹, R. Vértesi⁷⁵, X. R. Wang^53,62, D. Watanabe²¹, K. Watanabe^61,63, Y. Watanabe^61,62, Y. S. Watanabe^11,32, F. Wei⁵³, S. Whitaker²⁸, S. Wolin²⁵, C. L. Woody⁷, M. Wysocki⁵⁶, B. Xia⁵⁵, L. Xue¹⁹, C. Xu⁵³, Q. Xu⁷³, S. Yalcin⁶⁷, Y. L. Yamaguchi^11,67, H. Yamamoto⁷¹, A. Yanovich²⁴, S. Yokkaichi^61,62, I. Yoon⁶⁵, J. H. Yoo³³, I. Younus^37,52, Z. You³⁹, I. E. Yushmanov³⁴, H. Yu^53,58, W. A. Zajc¹³, A. Zelenski⁶, S. Zhou¹⁰, and L. Zou⁸ (PHENIX Collaboration)

¹Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA
²Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
³Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
⁴Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India
⁵Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10010 USA
⁶Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁷Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁸University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
⁹Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, 180 00 Troja, Prague, Czech Republic
¹⁰Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413, People’s Republic of China
¹¹Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
¹²University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
¹³Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA
¹⁴Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic
¹⁵Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
¹⁶ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary
¹⁷Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
¹⁸Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
¹⁹Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
²⁰Hanyang University, Seoul 133-792, Korea
²¹Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM²), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
²²Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
²³HUN-REN ATOMKI, H-4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/c, Hungary
²⁴IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia
²⁵University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
²⁶Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia
²⁷Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
²⁸Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
²⁹Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan
³⁰Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
³¹Helsinki Institute of Physics and University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
³²KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
³³Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
³⁴National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123098 Russia
³⁵Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
³⁶Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de Saclay, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
³⁷Physics Department, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
³⁸Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
³⁹Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
⁴⁰Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
⁴¹IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
⁴²University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
⁴³Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA
⁴⁴MATE, Laboratory of Femtoscopy, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátraiút 36, Hungary
⁴⁵Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
⁴⁶Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
⁴⁷Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA
⁴⁸Myongji University, Yongin, Kyonggido 449-728, Korea
⁴⁹Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-0193, Japan
⁵⁰Nara Women’s University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan
⁵¹National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia
⁵²University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
⁵³New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
⁵⁴Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA
⁵⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
⁵⁶Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
⁵⁷IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France
⁵⁸Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
⁵⁹PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia
⁶⁰Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
⁶¹RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁶²RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
⁶³Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
⁶⁴Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia
⁶⁵Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
⁶⁶Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
⁶⁷Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
⁶⁸Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
⁶⁹University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
⁷⁰Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
⁷¹Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan
⁷²United States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York 11024, USA
⁷³Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
⁷⁴Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
⁷⁵Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, (HUN-REN Wigner RCP, RMI) H-1525 Budapest 114, POBox 49, Budapest, Hungary
⁷⁶Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea
⁷⁷Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
⁷⁸Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Great East Road Campus, Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia

^*Deceased.
^†Contact author: akiba@rcf.rhic.bnl.gov

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Phys. Rev. D 111, 112008 – Published 24 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hpm9-qfp6

Abstract

The jet cross section and jet-substructure observables in $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$ were measured by the PHENIX Collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Jets are reconstructed from charged-particle tracks and electromagnetic-calorimeter clusters using the anti- $k_{t}$ algorithm with a jet radius of $R = 0.3$ for jets with transverse momentum within $8.0 < p_{T} < 40.0 GeV / c$ and pseudorapidity $| η | < 0.15$ . Measurements include the jet cross section, as well as distributions of SoftDrop-groomed momentum fraction ( $z_{g}$ ), charged-particle transverse momentum with respect to jet axis ( $j_{T}$ ), and radial distributions of charged particles within jets ( $r$ ). Also measured was the distribution of $ξ = - \ln (z)$ , where $z$ is the fraction of the jet momentum carried by the charged particle. The measurements are compared to theoretical next-to and next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations, the pythia and herwig event generators, and to other existing experimental results. Indicated from these measurements is a lower particle multiplicity in jets at RHIC energies when compared to models. Also noted are implications for future jet measurements with sPHENIX at RHIC as well as at the future Electron-Ion Collider.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Corrections

10 July, 2025

Correction: During the production process, the footnote to indicate deceased authors was applied to the wrong author name two times and has been fixed.

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 111, 112008– Published 24 June, 2025

Vol. 111, Iss. 11 — 1 June 2025

Received 22 August 2024
Accepted 18 April 2025
Corrected 10 July 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hpm9-qfp6

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$

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Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV

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Measurement of inclusive jet cross section and substructure in $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV$