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  • Open Access

Diffusion method in field theories with fakeons

Gianluca Calcagni*

  • *Contact author: g.calcagni@csic.es
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 025006 – Published 8 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hk2t-4qlz

Abstract

We adapt the diffusion method employed in fundamentally nonlocal field theories to determine the number of initial conditions for the classicized dynamics of unitary field theories with fakeons, characterized by inverse powers of the d’Alembertian operator □. We show that this number is two and we recover all the results obtained with a direct calculation elsewhere, including explicit solutions of linear toy models. Possible applications to nonlocal gravity are discussed.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 025006– Published 8 January, 2026
  • Received 28 November 2025
  • Accepted 19 December 2025
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