Radial adiabatic perturbations of stellar compact objects
Phys. Rev. D 114, 044039 – Published 12 August, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/hc9r-w19b
Abstract
We present a covariant and gauge-invariant formulation of the theory of radial adiabatic linear perturbations of self-gravitating, nondissipative imperfect fluids within the theory of general relativity. By codifying the thermodynamical properties of the source into an equation of state and an Ansatz on anisotropic pressure that involves both matter and kinematic variables, we obtain a set of equations that is directly applicable to a wide variety of thermodynamic theories for matter fields. As examples, we evaluate and compare the predictions of the Eckart theory, the Bemfica-Disconzi-Noronha-Kovtun theory, and the truncated Israel-Stewart theory on the properties and evolution of radial adiabatic perturbations of stellar compact objects modeled by classical equilibrium solutions. Introducing a new solution of the Einstein field equations, and imposing causality, we propose an upper bound for the maximum compactness of dynamically stable stars with nontrivial radial and tangential pressures.
