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Exclusive coherent production of bosons in electron-proton collisions

Reuven Balkin1,*, Ta’el Coren2,†, Alexander Jentsch3,‡, Hongkai Liu3,§, Maksym Ovchynnikov4,∥, Yotam Soreq2,4,¶, and Sokratis Trifinopoulos4,5,**

  • *Contact author: rebalkin@ucsc.edu
  • †Contact author: tael.coren@campus.technion.ac.il
  • ‡Contact author: ajentsch@bnl.gov
  • §Contact author: hliu6@bnl.gov
  • ∥Contact author: maksym.ovchynnikov@cern.ch
  • Contact author: soreqy@physics.technion.ac.il
  • **Contact author: sokratis.trifinopoulos@cern.ch
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 055041 – Published 23 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h9zj-6n84

Abstract

We study the exclusive electroproduction process e+p→e′+p′+X, with X a single-particle final state, in the forward-proton kinematics relevant for the future Electron-Ion Collider. We develop a unified 2→3 framework that provides the full event kinematics and incorporates pseudoscalar and vector mesons as well as axionlike particles and vector mediators such as dark photons. It is based on phenomenological amplitudes constrained by existing photo- and electroproduction data and constructed to admit systematic refinement as new measurements become available. To benchmark the framework, we compare its predictions to flux-factorized descriptions based on the equivalent-photon approximation, demonstrating close agreement for total rates and selected single-differential distributions in the near-real regime while highlighting the role of finite-Q2 correlations for multidifferential observables at larger photon virtualities. As a case study, we perform a detailed kinematic analysis of the missing-proton-energy signature, illustrating how the full 2→3 treatment informs forward-proton acceptance and signal selection in realistic Electron-Ion Collider configurations.

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See Also

Braking Protons at the Electron-Ion Collider: From Invisible Meson Decay to New Physics Searches

Reuven Balkin, Ta’el Coren, Alexander Jentsch, Hongkai Liu, Maksym Ovchynnikov, Yotam Soreq, and Sokratis Trifinopoulos
Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 131804 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 055041– Published 23 September, 2026
  • Received 17 April 2026
  • Accepted 26 August 2026
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