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    Theory of time based on wave function collapse

    Sung-Sik Lee

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 064091 – Published 29 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/glfz-yvnl

    Abstract

    We propose that moments of time arise through the failed emergence of the temporal diffeomorphism as gauge symmetry, and that the passage of time is a continual process of an instantaneous state collapsing toward a gauge-invariant state. Unitarity and directedness of the resulting time evolution are demonstrated for a minisuperspace model of cosmology.

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