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Genesis of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet scattering freeze-in

Pouya Asadi1,*, Marianne Moore2,3,†, David E. Morrissey4,‡, and Michael Shamma4,5,§

  • *Contact author: pasadi@uoregon.edu
  • †Contact author: mamoore@mit.edu
  • ‡Contact author: dmorri@triumf.ca
  • §Contact author: mshamma@triumf.ca
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055006 – Published 3 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gcb5-pgsk

Abstract

We introduce a new mechanism for the simultaneous generation of baryon and dark matter asymmetries through ultraviolet-dominated freeze-in scatterings. The mechanism relies on heavy Majorana neutrinos that connect the visible Standard Model sector to a dark sector through the neutrino portal. Following reheating of the visible sector to a temperature well below the heavy neutrino masses, we show that 2-to-2 scattering processes can populate the dark sector and generate both baryon and dark matter asymmetries. In some parameter regions, the dominant source of baryon asymmetry can be charge transfer from the dark sector, a process we call dark wash-in. We also demonstrate that annihilation of the dark matter to massless states within the dark sector can deplete the symmetric population without destroying the net baryon charge to leave only an asymmetric dark matter abundance today. Depending on the specific model parameters, the observed baryon and dark matter abundances can be attained with heavy neutrino masses MN≳1010  GeV and dark matter masses in the range 0.1  GeV≲mχ≲103  GeV if the dark matter relic abundance is mainly asymmetric and even lower masses if it is symmetric.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055006– Published 3 March, 2026
  • Received 11 June 2025
  • Accepted 11 February 2026
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