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Spectral signatures of heavy quarkonia in a rotating and anisotropic quark-gluon plasma: A holographic study

Xiang-Wei Shi1 and Sheng-Qin Feng1,2,3,*

  • *Contact author: fengsq@ctgu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 096006 – Published 8 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g3bt-51ll

Abstract

We investigate the in-medium spectral functions and effective masses of heavy quarkonia charmonium (J/Ψ) and bottomonium [ϒ(1S)] in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) possessing both global rotation and spatial anisotropy. Using a gauge/gravity holographic model incorporating finite temperature, chemical potential, and warp factor, we compute the spectral signatures nonperturbatively. Our results show that both rotation and anisotropy enhance quarkonium dissociation, manifesting as peak suppression and width broadening in the spectral functions. Crucially, their effects are directional: anisotropy primarily dissociates longitudinally polarized states, while rotation more strongly disrupts transversely polarized ones. A competitive interplay exists: for small anisotropy, rotational effects dominate at high angular velocity, whereas for large anisotropy, anisotropy governs the dissociation regardless of rotation strength. Furthermore, rotation induces a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in the transverse effective mass of J/Ψ, while strong anisotropy causes similar nonmonotonicity in the longitudinal effective mass of J/Ψ. These findings reveal how the distinct symmetry breaking patterns induced by QGP rotation and anisotropy reshape the heavy quarkonium spectrum, providing new insights into polarization-dependent suppression in noncentral heavy-ion collisions.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 096006– Published 8 May, 2026
  • Received 18 January 2026
  • Accepted 20 April 2026
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