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Precision kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements across halo mass and redshift with DESI DR2 and ACT DR6. II. Bright galaxy survey and emission-line galaxies

B. Hadzhiyska1,2,*, S. Ferraro3,4, F. J. Qu5,6,7, B. Ried Guachalla5,6,7, E. Schaan5,6,7, J. Aguilar3, S. Ahlen8, D. Bianchi9,10, D. Brooks11 et al. (DESI Collaboration)

D. Brooks11, F. J. Castander12,13, E. Chaussidon3, T. Claybaugh3, A. de la Macorra14, Arjun Dey15, Biprateep Dey16,17, P. Doel11, J. E. Forero-Romero18,19, E. Gaztañaga12,20,13, Satya Gontcho A. Gontcho21, G. Gutierrez22, J. Guy3, K. Honscheid23,24,25, C. Howlett26, D. Huterer27,28, M. Ishak29, R. Joyce15, R. Kehoe30, T. Kisner3, A. Kremin3, O. Lahav11, M. Landriau3, L. Le Guillou31, A. Leauthaud32,33, M. Manera34,35, P. Martini23,36,25, A. Meisner15, R. Miquel37,35, S. Nadathur20, N. Palanque-Delabrouille38,3, W. J. Percival39,40,41, F. Prada42, I. Pérez-Ràfols43, G. Rossi44, L. Samushia45,46,47, E. Sanchez48, E. F. Schlafly49, D. Schlegel3, J. Silber3, D. Sprayberry15, G. Tarlé28, B. A. Weaver15, R. Zhou3, and H. Zou50 (DESI Collaboration)

  • 1Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
  • 2Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
  • 3Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 4Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 5Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 6Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 7SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 8Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 USA
  • 9Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli,” Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy
  • 10INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milan, Italy
  • 11Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
  • 12Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c/ Esteve Terradas 1, Edifici RDIT, Campus PMT-UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
  • 13Institute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
  • 14Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México C. P. 04510, Mexico
  • 15NSF NOIRLab, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
  • 16Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4, Canada
  • 17Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
  • 18Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 19Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio H, CP 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
  • 20Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
  • 21University of Virginia, Department of Astronomy, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
  • 22Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
  • 23Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 24Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 25The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 26School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
  • 27Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 28University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 29Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, Texas 75080, USA
  • 30Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
  • 31Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FR-75005 Paris, France
  • 32Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
  • 33Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95065, USA
  • 34Departament de Física, Serra Húnter, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 35Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Edifici Cn, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  • 36Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
  • 37Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
  • 38IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • 39Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 40Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
  • 41Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
  • 42Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
  • 43Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Eduard Maristany 10, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
  • 44Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
  • 45Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Tbilisi GE-0179, Georgia
  • 46Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan 66506, USA
  • 47Faculty of Natural Sciences and Medicine, Ilia State University, 0194 Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 48CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
  • 49Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
  • 50National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China

  • *Contact author: boryanah@ast.cam.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083541 – Published 29 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g381-bz2j

Abstract

We present the first high-significance spectroscopic stacked kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) measurements of circumgalactic gas profiles for both bright galaxy survey (BGS) and emission line galaxy (ELG) tracers, combining DESI Data Release 2 with ACT Data Release 6. Using reconstructed line-of-sight velocities from the DESI galaxies and high-resolution ACT temperature maps, we detect the kSZ signal at high significance, reaching signal-to-noise ratios of up to ∼9 for BGS and ∼7.5 for ELGs in optimal stellar-mass selections. Together with the Luminous red galaxies (LRGs) measurements presented in Paper I, these constitute the most significant kSZ detections from any spectroscopic survey to date. We perform the analysis in both real and harmonic space, obtaining consistent results. By splitting both tracers into stellar-mass bins, we study the scaling of the kSZ amplitude with galaxy properties. Combining the kSZ measurements with ACT Data Release 6 (DR6) cosmic microwave background lensing maps enables a joint calibration of the galaxy-halo connection and the gas fractions of host halos. For the BGS galaxies, we observe low gas fractions around the virial radius relative to standard expectations, likely attributable to active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity. We find some evidence for higher-mass halos retaining a larger fraction of their baryons, consistent with more efficient feedback in lower-mass systems. For the ELG sample, dominated by blue, star-forming galaxies, we provide the first detection of the gas distribution in ELG host halos. The ELGs appear to exhibit relatively high gas fractions, which points to the possibility of weaker feedback (due to, e.g., low AGN and supernova feedback activity) at their mass scale. Finally, we present generalized Navarro-Frenk-White fits to the harmonic-space measurements, providing a compact parametrization of gas profiles for forward modeling in large-scale structure analyses.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Precision kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements across halo mass and redshift with DESI DR2 and ACT DR6. I. Luminous red galaxies

F. J. Qu et al. (DESI Collaboration)
Phys. Rev. D 114, 083540 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 083541– Published 29 October, 2026
  • Received 4 May 2026
  • Accepted 30 July 2026
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