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    Artificial precision polarization array: Sensitivity for axionlike dark matter with clock satellites

    Hanyu Jiang1,3, Baoyu Xu1,3, and Yun-Long Zhang1,2,*

    • *Contact author: zhangyunlong@nao.cas.cn

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 115036 – Published 15 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g14s-z6pj

    Abstract

    The approaches to searching for axionlike signals based on pulsars include observations with pulsar timing arrays and pulsar polarization arrays. However, these methods are limited by observational uncertainties arising from multiple unknown and periodic physical effects, which substantially complicate subsequent data analysis. To mitigate these issues and improve data fidelity, we propose the artificial pulsar polarization arrays (APPA): a satellite network comprising multiple pulsed signal transmitters and a dedicated receiver satellite. To constrain the axion-photon coupling parameter gaγ, we generate simulated observations using Monte Carlo methods and investigate the sensitivity of APPA using two complementary approaches: likelihood analysis and frequentist analysis. Simulations indicate that for the axion mass range of 10−22–10−18  eV, APPA yields a tighter upper limit on gaγ [at the 95% Confidence Level (CL)] than conventional ground-based observations, while also achieving superior detection sensitivity. Moreover, a larger spatial distribution scale of the satellite network corresponds to a greater advantage in detecting axions with lighter masses.

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