Thunderstorm-induced muon event on 20 March 2020: Insights from the Ooty muon telescope, INSAT-3DR, and lightning observations
Phys. Rev. D 112, 083046 – Published 21 October, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/g13s-38c8
Abstract
We report a thunderstorm-induced muon event (TIME) observed on 20 March 2020 using the GRAPES-3 muon telescope in Ooty, India. This event was investigated using complementary data from the INSAT-3DR satellite, the Indian lightning location network, and ground-based electric field measurements. A 1.4% suppression in muon flux ( significance) was detected in the southeast sector, coinciding with intense upward-directed electric fields () and elevated lightning activity. These observations support the hypothesis that upward electric fields cause energy losses in positive muons, resulting in reduced ground-level flux. The event provides evidence for the directional sensitivity of cosmic-ray secondaries to storm-time electric fields and highlights the unique capability of muon telescopes in probing high-altitude atmospheric electrodynamics. This study illustrates the value of integrating particle physics with atmospheric science, leveraging ground- and space-based observations to deepen our understanding of energetic atmospheric processes and their connections to space weather phenomena.