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    Causal spinfoam vertex for 4D Lorentzian quantum gravity

    Eugenio Bianchi*, Chaosong Chen†, and Mauricio Gamonal‡

    • *Contact author: ebianchi@psu.edu
    • †Contact author: cchen@psu.edu
    • ‡Contact author: mgamonal@psu.edu

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 126020 – Published 15 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fwql-t4yr

    Abstract

    We introduce a new causal spinfoam vertex for 4D Lorentzian quantum gravity. The causal data are encoded in Toller T-matrices, which add to Wigner D-matrices T(+)+T(−)=D, and for which we provide a Feynman iϵ representation. We discuss how the Toller poles cancel in the Engle-Pereira-Rovelli-Livine vertex, how the Livine-Oriti model is obtained in the Barrett-Crane limit, and how spinfoam causal data are distinct from Regge causal data. In the large-spin limit, we show that only Lorentzian Regge geometries with causal data compatible with the spinfoam data are selected, resulting in a single exponential exp(+iSRegge/ℏ) and a new form of causal rigidity.

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