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    Magnetosphere of black hole mimickers: Charged particle belts and repulsive barrier inside the photon sphere

    Zdeněk Stuchlík* and Jaroslav Vrba†

    • Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in Opava, Bezručovo nám. 13, 746 01 Opava, Czech Republic

    • *Contact author: zdenek.stuchlik@physics.slu.cz
    • †Contact author: jaroslav.vrba@physics.slu.cz

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 123013 – Published 4 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fwdw-gpyz

    Abstract

    The exterior of magnetized black hole mimickers can be modeled as the Schwarzschild vacuum spacetime combined with a dipole magnetic field. We show that surprisingly, such magnetized mimickers can demonstrate strong signatures as a result of charged particle motion. For arbitrary values of magnetic repulsion, bound and curled near-equatorial trajectories are allowed inside the photon sphere at r/M=3. Furthermore, high-energy particles can be magnetically repulsed in the region 2.32<r/M<2.45. On the other hand, a very fine tuning of the magnetic repulsion and particle motion constants is necessary for motion in off-equatorial belts or tori at r/M<3. The particle motion is demonstrated for the case of the sole Lorentz force and with the inclusion of the radiative backreaction force.

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