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Nature of the Pc states from compositeness criteria

Yu-Fei Wang1, Chao-Wei Shen2, Deborah Rönchen3, Ulf-G. Meißner4,3,5, Bing-Song Zou6,7, and Fei Huang1,*

  • *Contact author: huangfei@ucas.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074010 – Published 10 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fvjn-8bl9

Abstract

Based on a coupled-channel approach, we investigate the structures of four Pc states through compositeness criteria. Toward a more precise description of the states, we have obtained refined fit results of the LHCb data on the J/ψp invariant mass distribution of the Λb0→J/ψpK− decay. Allowing for the fact that each of the four Pc states couples strongly to a nearby S-wave channel, three criteria on the compositeness/elementariness are adopted in this study: the pole-counting rule, the spectral density function, and the Gamow wave function. Compositeness information is extracted from the scattering amplitudes and the pole parameters (pole positions and residues), without any preconceived assumptions on the nature of the Pc states and without any dependence on the model parametrization. Consistently within the framework of all the three methods, it has been found that the Pc(4312)1/2− is mainly composed by D¯Σc, Pc(4380)3/2− by D¯Σc*, while the Pc(4440)1/2− and Pc(4457)3/2− states both turn out as composite states of D¯*Σc. The upper limits of the values of their elementariness are estimated to be rather small. This paper provides an additional confirmation of the molecular interpretation for the Pc states in the literature.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 074010– Published 10 October, 2025
  • Received 3 July 2025
  • Accepted 16 September 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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