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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Can Newtonian gravity produce quantum entanglement?

Feng-Li Lin1,* and Sayid Mondal2,†

  • *Contact author: fengli.lin@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: sayid.mondal@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 113, L061901 – Published 6 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fv38-kgkb

Abstract

We investigate whether Newtonian gravity can generate quantum entanglement between mesoscopic quantum bodies modeled as superposed mass quadrupoles using three complementary approaches: minisuperspace, semiclassical gravity, and stochastic gravity. We systematically analyze gravitationally induced entanglement (GIE) mechanisms and the conditions under which they can arise. Our results support the GIE hypothesis by showing that the minisuperspace framework, which quantizes the parity of the gravitational tidal field, can entangle spatially separate quantum bodies. In contrast, the semiclassical and stochastic gravity models, in which the tidal gravitational field sourced by the quantum bodies remains classical, fail to entangle the final state. These findings clarify recent claims that classical gravity might induce entanglement, and reveal how perturbative treatments can lead to misleading conclusions.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, L061901– Published 6 March, 2026
  • Received 19 December 2025
  • Accepted 19 February 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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