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Shedding light on the nature of the ϕ(2170) state in the e+e−→ϕπ+π− reaction

Xiang Wei1,2, Qing-Hua Shen1,3,2, Xiao-Hai Liu4,*, and Ju-Jun Xie1,2,5,†

  • *Contact author: xiaohai.liu@tju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: xiejujun@impcas.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 014022 – Published 20 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/frs3-zpt2

Abstract

We investigate the production of the ϕ(2170) state in the e+e−→ϕπ+π− reaction with the effective Lagrangian approach. In addition to the tree level contributions from the ϕ(1680) meson and a possible X(1750) state, we consider also the K1−K−K¯ intermediate state process from the perspective of triangular singularity. Based on the one-photon exchange approximation, a pair of K1K¯ mesons was firstly produced, and then the K1 meson subsequently decays into ϕ and K, and the KK¯ pair produce the π+π− through the final state interactions, in which the scalar meson f0(980) is dynamically generated. We show that the inclusion of the triangle loop diagrams leads to a good description of the new BESIII measurements, especially for the structure of ϕ(2170). This provides a novel interpretation of the ϕ(2170) state, offering new insights into its fundamental nature, which are still unclear. Furthermore, it is found that these measurements on the e+e−→ϕπ+π− reaction can be used to determine some of the properties of two K1 mesons with masses around 1613 MeV and 1890 MeV, which are crucial to reproduce the experimental data.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 014022– Published 20 January, 2026
  • Received 24 September 2025
  • Accepted 16 December 2025
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