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    Origin of the quantum group symmetry in 3D quantum gravity

    Maïté Dupuis1,2,*, Laurent Freidel1,†, Florian Girelli2,‡, Abdulmajid Osumanu2,§, and Julian Rennert2,∥

    • *Contact author: mdupuis@perimeterinstitute.ca
    • †Contact author: lfreidel@perimeterinstitute.ca
    • ‡Contact author: florian.girelli@uwaterloo.ca
    • §Contact author: a3osumanu@uwaterloo.ca
    • ∥Contact author: jrennert@uwaterloo.ca

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 084071 – Published 27 October, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fr9h-3w7t

    Abstract

    It is well-known that quantum groups are relevant to describe the quantum regime of 3D gravity. They encode a deformation of the gauge symmetries parametrized by the value of the cosmological constant. They appear as a form of regularization either through the quantization of the Chern-Simons formulation or the state sum approach of Turaev-Viro. Such deformations are perplexing from a continuum and classical picture since the action is defined in terms of undeformed gauge invariance. We present here a novel way to derive from first principles and from the classical action such quantum group deformation. The argument relies on two main steps. First we perform a canonical transformation, which deforms the gauge invariance and the boundary symmetries, and makes them depend on the cosmological constant. Second we implement a discretization procedure relying on a truncation of the degrees of freedom from the continuum.

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