Design studies of a pulsed quasimonoenergetic 2-keV neutron source for calibration of low threshold dark matter detectors
Phys. Rev. D 114, 072011 – Published 28 October, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fqgp-916r
Abstract
We describe design studies for a pulsed quasimonoenergetic 2-keV neutron source for calibration of sub-keV nuclear recoils. Such a calibration is required for detectors sensitive to sub-GeV dark matter and also the coherent elastic scattering of reactor neutrinos. In our design, neutrons from a commercial deuterium-tritium generator are moderated to the keV scale and subsequently filtered to achieve a monoenergetic spectrum utilizing the antiresonance feature, characterized by a drop in neutron transmission spectra at 2-keV for scandium. The analyses and conclusions presented are primarily based on simulations, as this study represents a critical first step toward the final goal. We address challenges such as unmoderated high-energy neutrons and gamma backgrounds from neutron capture in the moderator materials. Through optimization of the and shielding geometry, we identify a configuration that achieves the target neutron flux at 2 keV while maintaining subdominant rates of background interactions in simulation. Lastly, we outline a future pathway to lower-energy (few eV scale) calibrations using time-of-flight and sub-keV neutrons.