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Complementarity between cosmic string gravitational waves and long-lived particle searches in a laboratory

Satyabrata Datta1,2,*, Ambar Ghosal3,†, Anish Ghoshal4,‡, and Graham White5,§

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics and Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
  • 2Nanjing Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Nanjing, 210023, China
  • 3Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
  • 4Faculty of Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Warsaw, Ulica Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
  • 5School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom

  • *Contact author: amisatyabrata703@gmail.com
  • †Contact author: ambar.ghosal@gmail.com
  • ‡Contact author: anish.ghoshal@fuw.edu.pl
  • §Contact author: graham.white@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015009 – Published 9 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/fcg5-bkbn

Abstract

Cosmic strings are powerful witnesses to cosmic events including any period of early matter domination. If such a period of matter domination was catalyzed by metastable, long-lived particles, then there will be complementary signals to ascertain the nature of the dark sector in experiments detecting primordial features in the gravitational wave (GW) power spectrum and laboratory searches for long-lived particles. We give explicit examples of global and local U(1) gauge extended dark sectors to demonstrate such a complementarity as the union of the two experiments reveals more information about the dark sector than either experiment. Demanding that Higgs-portal long-lived scalar be looked for, in various experiments such as DUNE, FASER, FASER-II, MATHUSLA, and SHiP, we identify the parameter space that leads to complementary observables for GW detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and Einstein Telescope.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 015009– Published 9 July, 2025
  • Received 11 February 2025
  • Accepted 19 May 2025
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