Uniqueness of electric-magnetic spacetimes with massive particle spheres
Phys. Rev. D 113, 024009 – Published 7 January, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f4d6-b64w
Abstract
Uniqueness of the four-dimensional static, asymptotically flat, Einstein-Maxwell spacetime with both electric and magnetic charges, containing nonextremal massive particle sphere, being an inner boundary in it, has been proved. It is isometric to Reissner-Nordström spacetime with electric/magnetic charges. In contrast to the previous results concerning the classification of photon spheres, it describes the existence of the entire set of spacetme foliations, a set of massive particle spheres addressed to the various energies of the particles. The conformal positive energy, positive mass theorem, and adequate conformal transformations constitute the main tools in the proof.
