Fast, differentiable, and extensible big bang nucleosynthesis package

Cara Giovanetti; Mariangela Lisanti; Hongwan Liu; Siddharth Mishra-Sharma; Joshua T. Ruderman

doi:10.1103/f3tj-r882

Fast, differentiable, and extensible big bang nucleosynthesis package

Cara Giovanetti ^1,*, Mariangela Lisanti ^2,3,†, Hongwan Liu^4,5,6,‡, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma ^7,8,§,∥, and Joshua T. Ruderman ^1,¶

¹Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
²Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
³Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
⁴Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
⁵Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
⁶Theoretical Physics Department, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
⁷The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
⁸Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

^*Contact author: cg3566@nyu.edu
^†Contact author: mlisanti@princeton.edu
^‡Contact author: hongwan@bu.edu
^§Contact author: smsharma@mit.edu
^∥Present address: Anthropic, San Francisco, CA 94104, USA. Work performed while at MIT/IAIFI.
^¶Contact author: ruderman@nyu.edu

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 063531 – Published 17 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f3tj-r882

Abstract

We introduce light isotope nucleosynthesis with jax (linx), a new differentiable public big bang nucleosynthesis code designed for fast parameter estimation. By leveraging jax, linx achieves both speed and differentiability, enabling the use of Bayesian inference, including gradient-based methods. We discuss the formalism used in linx for rapid primordial elemental abundance predictions and give examples of how linx can be used. When combined with differentiable cosmic microwave background power spectrum emulators, linx can be used for joint cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis analyses without requiring extensive computational resources, including on personal hardware.

Physical Review D

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Fast, differentiable, and extensible big bang nucleosynthesis package

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Cosmological parameter estimation with a joint-likelihood analysis of the cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis

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Fast, differentiable, and extensible big bang nucleosynthesis package

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Cosmological parameter estimation with a joint-likelihood analysis of the cosmic microwave background and big bang nucleosynthesis

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