- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Feasibility to probe the dynamical scotogenic model at the LHC

Gustavo Ardila-Tafurth*, Andrés Flórez†, Cristian Rodríguez‡, and Maud Sarazin§

Óscar Zapata∥

  • *Contact author: ga.ardila10@uniandes.edu.co
  • †Contact author: ca.florez@uniandes.edu.co
  • ‡Contact author: c.rodrigez45@uniandes.edu.co
  • §Contact author: m.sarazin@uniandes.edu.co
  • ∥Contact author: oalberto.zapata@udea.edu.co
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 113, 115013 – Published 5 June, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f3fq-gbct

Abstract

We perform a feasibility study to probe dark matter (DM) production at the LHC within a global U(1)L scotogenic model. The study is conducted using the Markov chain Monte Carlo numerical method, considering the viable parameter space of the model allowed by experimental constraints such as neutrino oscillation data, the Higgs to invisible branching fraction, and DM observables. The production of scalar and fermionic DM candidates, predicted by the model, is then studied under the LHC conditions for different luminosity scenarios imposing compressed mass spectra conditions between the lightest fermion and the Z2 odd scalars. We study two production mechanisms, Drell-Yan and vector boson fusion. We find that the Drell-Yan mechanism gives better detection prospects for fermionic DM masses between 100 and 220 GeV at high-luminosity scenarios.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (128)

  1. S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024).
  2. P. W. Higgs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508 (1964).
  3. F. Englert and R. Brout, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 321 (1964).
  4. P. W. Higgs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 508 (1964).
  5. G. S. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and T. W. B. Kibble, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 585 (1964).
  6. D. E. Morrissey and M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, New J. Phys. 14, 125003 (2012).
  7. L. Canetti, M. Drewes, and M. Shaposhnikov, New J. Phys. 14, 095012 (2012).
  8. S. Davidson, E. Nardi, and Y. Nir, Phys. Rep. 466, 105 (2008).
  9. G. Bertone, D. Hooper, and J. Silk, Phys. Rep. 405, 279 (2005).
  10. M. R. Buckley and A. H. G. Peter, Phys. Rep. 761, 1 (2018).
  11. K. K. Boddy et al., J. High Energy Astrophys. 35, 112 (2022).
  12. Y. Fukuda et al. (Super-Kamiokande Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1562 (1998).
  13. Q. R. Ahmad et al. (SNO Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 011301 (2002).
  14. P. J. E. Peebles, Astrophys. J. Lett. 263, L1 (1982).
  15. G. R. Blumenthal, S. M. Faber, J. R. Primack, and M. J. Rees, Nature (London) 311, 517 (1984).
  16. G. Steigman, B. Dasgupta, and J. F. Beacom, Phys. Rev. D 86, 023506 (2012).
  17. L. Roszkowski, E. M. Sessolo, and S. Trojanowski, Rep. Prog. Phys. 81, 066201 (2018).
  18. J. G. de Swart, G. Bertone, and J. van Dongen, Nat. Astron. 1, 0059 (2017).
  19. I. Esteban, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, M. Maltoni, T. Schwetz, and A. Zhou, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 178.
  20. P. F. de Salas, D. V. Forero, S. Gariazzo, P. Martínez-Miravé, O. Mena, C. A. Ternes, M. Tórtola, and J. W. F. Valle, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2021) 071.
  21. P. Minkowski, Phys. Lett. 67B, 421 (1977).
  22. T. Yanagida, Prog. Theor. Phys. 64, 1103 (1980).
  23. R. N. Mohapatra, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 561 (1986).
  24. J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, Phys. Rev. D 22, 2227 (1980).
  25. M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond, and R. Slansky, in Supergravity, edited by D. Z. Freedman and P. van Nieuwenhuizen (North-Holland, 1979), pp. 315–321.
  26. F. Bonnet, M. Hirsch, T. Ota, and W. Winter, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2012) 153.
  27. D. Restrepo, O. Zapata, and C. E. Yaguna, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2013) 011.
  28. S. S. C. Law and K. L. McDonald, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2013) 092.
  29. Z.-j. Tao, Phys. Rev. D 54, 5693 (1996).
  30. E. Ma, Phys. Rev. D 73, 077301 (2006).
  31. M. Klasen, C. E. Yaguna, J. D. Ruiz-Alvarez, D. Restrepo, and O. Zapata, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 04 (2013) 044.
  32. A. Ibarra, C. E. Yaguna, and O. Zapata, Phys. Rev. D 93, 035012 (2016).
  33. D. Aristizabal Sierra, J. Kubo, D. Restrepo, D. Suematsu, and O. Zapata, Phys. Rev. D 79, 013011 (2009).
  34. A. Vicente and C. E. Yaguna, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2015) 144.
  35. T. Toma and A. Vicente, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2014) 160.
  36. S. Fraser, E. Ma, and O. Popov, Phys. Lett. B 737, 280 (2014).
  37. S. Baumholzer, V. Brdar, P. Schwaller, and A. Segner, J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2020) 136.
  38. D. Restrepo, A. Rivera, M. Sánchez-Peláez, O. Zapata, and W. Tangarife, Phys. Rev. D 92, 013005 (2015).
  39. E. Molinaro, C. E. Yaguna, and O. Zapata, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 07 (2014) 015.
  40. R. Longas, D. Portillo, D. Restrepo, and O. Zapata, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2016) 162.
  41. M. Lindner, M. Platscher, C. E. Yaguna, and A. Merle, Phys. Rev. D 94, 115027 (2016).
  42. P. Rocha-Moran and A. Vicente, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2016) 078.
  43. A. Ahriche, A. Jueid, and S. Nasri, Phys. Rev. D 97, 095012 (2018).
  44. A. Betancur, R. Longas, and O. Zapata, Phys. Rev. D 96, 035011 (2017).
  45. S. Bhattacharya, N. Sahoo, and N. Sahu, Phys. Rev. D 96, 035010 (2017).
  46. S. Bhattacharya, P. Ghosh, N. Sahoo, and N. Sahu, Front. Phys. 7, 80 (2019).
  47. A. Ahriche, A. Arhrib, A. Jueid, S. Nasri, and A. de La Puente, Phys. Rev. D 101, 035038 (2020).
  48. P. Konar, A. Mukherjee, A. K. Saha, and S. Show, Phys. Rev. D 102, 015024 (2020).
  49. P. Escribano, M. Reig, and A. Vicente, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 097.
  50. M. Sarazin, J. Bernigaud, and B. Herrmann, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2021) 116.
  51. U. de Noyers, M. Sarazin, and B. Herrmann, Eur. Phys. J. C 85, 922 (2025).
  52. C. Bonilla, L. M. de la Vega, J. Lamprea, R. A. Lineros, and E. Peinado, New J. Phys. 22, 033009 (2020).
  53. V. De Romeri, J. Nava, M. Puerta, and A. Vicente, Phys. Rev. D 107, 095019 (2023).
  54. E. J. Chun, A. Roy, S. Mandal, and M. Mitra, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2023) 130.
  55. R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 912 (1980).
  56. R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Phys. Rev. D 23, 165 (1981).
  57. L. Singh, R. Srivastava, S. Verma, and S. Yadav, Phys. Rev. D 112, 095014 (2025).
  58. V. M. Lozano, G. S. Garcia, and J. W. F. Valle, Phys. Rev. D 112, 055007 (2025).
  59. P. A. C., J. Zamora-Saa, and A. R. Zerwekh, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 1278 (2024).
  60. F. von der Pahlen, G. Palacio, D. Restrepo, and O. Zapata, Phys. Rev. D 94, 033005 (2016).
  61. I. M. Ávila, G. Cottin, and M. A. Díaz, J. Phys. G 49, 065001 (2022).
  62. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration and CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 191803 (2015).
  63. P. Escribano, V. M. Lozano, and A. Vicente, Phys. Rev. D 108, 115001 (2023).
  64. P. A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020).
  65. J. A. Casas and A. Ibarra, Nucl. Phys. B618, 171 (2001).
  66. F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181, 1077 (2010).
  67. F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 182, 808 (2011).
  68. F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184, 1792 (2013).
  69. F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 1773 (2014).
  70. W. Porod, Comput. Phys. Commun. 153, 275 (2003).
  71. W. Porod and F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 2458 (2012).
  72. F. Staub and W. Porod, Eur. Phys. J. C 77, 338 (2017).
  73. G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Goudelis, A. Pukhov, and B. Zaldivar, Comput. Phys. Commun. 231, 173 (2018).
  74. A. A. Markov, Extension of the Limit Theorems of Probability Theory to a Sum of Variables Connected in a Chain, reprinted in Appendix B of: R. Howard, Dynamic Probabilistic Systems, volume 1: Markov Chains, (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1971).
  75. A. Alloul, N. D. Christensen, C. Degrande, C. Duhr, and B. Fuks, Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 2250 (2014).
  76. C. Degrande, C. Duhr, B. Fuks, D. Grellscheid, O. Mattelaer, and T. Reiter, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 1201 (2012).
  77. J. Alwall, M. Herquet, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, and T. Stelzer, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2011) 128.
  78. F. Staub, Comput. Phys. Commun. 241, 132 (2019).
  79. K. Kannike, Eur. Phys. J. C 72, 2093 (2012).
  80. M. Kadastik, K. Kannike, and M. Raidal, Phys. Rev. D 80, 085020 (2009); 81, 029903(E) (2010).
  81. A. Alvarez, A. Banik, R. Cepedello, B. Herrmann, W. Porod, M. Sarazin, and M. Schnelke, J. High Energy Phys. 06 (2023) 163.
  82. N. Metropolis, A. W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth, A. H. Teller, and E. Teller, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1087 (1953).
  83. A. Falkowski, C. Gross, and O. Lebedev, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2015) 057.
  84. G. Arcadi, A. Djouadi, and M. Raidal, Phys. Rep. 842, 1 (2020).
  85. T. Ferber, A. Grohsjean, and F. Kahlhoefer, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 136, 104105 (2024).
  86. G. Aad et al. (ATLAS Collaboration), Nature (London) 607, 52 (2022); 612, E24(E) (2022).
  87. A. Tumasyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Nature (London) 607, 60 (2022); 623, E4(E) (2023).
  88. Planck Collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. 641, A6 (2020).
  89. L.-Z. Collaboration, J. Aalbers, D. S. Akerib, C. W. Akerlof, A. K. A. Musalhi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 041001 (2023).
  90. Z. Bo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 011805 (2025).
  91. E. Aprile et al., Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 784 (2024).
  92. J. Aalbers et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2016) 017.
  93. M. Ackermann and others (Fermi-LAT Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 231301 (2015).
  94. W. B. Atwood et al., Astrophys. J. 697, 1071 (2009).
  95. M. E. Peskin and T. Takeuchi, Phys. Rev. D 46, 381 (1992).
  96. G. Aad and B. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. D 101, 052005 (2020).
  97. A. M. Sirunyan and A. Tumasyan et al., J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2019) 150.
  98. B. Dutta, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, T. Kamon, P. Sheldon, and K. Sinha, Phys. Rev. D 87, 035029 (2013).
  99. B. Dutta, W. Flanagan, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, T. Kamon, P. Sheldon, K. Sinha, K. Wang, and S. Wu, Phys. Rev. D 90, 095022 (2014).
  100. A. G. Delannoy, B. Dutta, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, T. Kamon, E. Luiggi, A. Melo, P. Sheldon, K. Sinha, K. Wang, and S. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 061801 (2013).
  101. B. Dutta, T. Ghosh, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, T. Kamon, P. Sheldon, K. Sinha, K. Wang, and S. Wu, Phys. Rev. D 91, 055025 (2015).
  102. C. Natalia, F. Andrés, G. Alfredo, J. Will, S. Paul, and T. cheng, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2022) 026.
  103. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 041803 (2020).
  104. V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 021802 (2017).
  105. V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2015) 189.
  106. S. Profumo and A. Provenza, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 12 (2006) 019.
  107. T. C. collaboration, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2019) 150.
  108. N. Cardona, A. Flórez, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, P. Sheldon, and C. Tao, J. High Energy Phys. 11 (2022) 26.
  109. A. Florez, T. A. Garces, and J. D. Ruiz-Álvarez, Phys. Rev. D 107, 075010 (2023).
  110. U. S. Qureshi, A. Gurrola, and A. Flórez, Eur. Phys. J. C 85, 1208 (2025).
  111. S. Ashanujjaman and S. P. Maharathy, Phys. Rev. D 107, 115026 (2023).
  112. D. Agin, B. Fuks, M. D. Goodsell, and T. Murphy, Eur. Phys. J. C 84, 1218 (2024).
  113. B. Dutta, T. Ghosh, A. Horne, J. Kumar, S. Palmer, P. Sandick, M. Snedeker, P. Stengel, and J. W. Walker, Phys. Rev. D 109, 075018 (2024).
  114. P. K. Das, S. Dey, S. Kundu, and S. K. Rai, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2025) 027.
  115. A. Flórez, L. Bravo, A. Gurrola, C. Ávila, M. Segura, P. Sheldon, and W. Johns, Phys. Rev. D 94, 073007 (2016).
  116. C. Avila, A. Flórez, A. Gurrola, D. Julson, and S. Starko, Phys. Dark Universe 27, 100430 (2020).
  117. E. Ballabene, Search for electroweak production of supersymmetric particles in compressed mass spectra with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, Ph.D. thesis, Milan University, U. Milan (main) (2022).
  118. L. Rossini, Search for supersymmetry with a compressed mass spectrum using the ATLAS detector, Ph.D. thesis, Milan University (2019).
  119. G. Aad and T. Abajyan et al., Phys. Lett. B 716, 1 (2012).
  120. S. Chatrchyan and V. Khachatryan et al., Phys. Lett. B 716, 30 (2012).
  121. A. Reinert and M. W. Winkler, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 01 (2018) 055.
  122. M. J. Baker, J. Fuentes-Martín, G. Isidori, and M. König, Eur. Phys. J. C 79, 334 (2019).
  123. A. Segura and A. C. Parra, arXiv:2411.00706.
  124. C. Henderson (CMS Collaboration), SciPost Phys. Proc. 8, 111 (2022).
  125. A. Abada et al. (FCC Collaboration), Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 228, 755 (2019).
  126. R. D. Ball, S. Carrazza, J. Cruz-Martinez, L. D. Debbio, S. Forte, T. Giani, S. Iranipour, Z. Kassabov, J. I. Latorre, E. R. Nocera, R. L. Pearson, J. Rojo, R. Stegeman, C. Schwan, M. Ubiali, C. Voisey, and M. Wilson, Eur. Phys. J. C 82, 428 (2022).
  127. F. Zimmermann, M. Benedikt, X. Buffat, and D. Schulte, in 7th International Particle Accelerator Conference (2016), p. TUPMW037.
  128. G. Ardila Tafurth, C. A. Flórez, O. Zapata, M. SARAZIN, and C. F. Rodriguez Cruz, Datafiles for collider feasibility of dynamical scotogenic model (2025).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 113, 115013– Published 5 June, 2026
  • Received 24 December 2025
  • Accepted 13 May 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation