Open Access

Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the $Ξ_{b}^{(', )} {\bar{D}}^{()}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{(', )} B^{()}$ systems

School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Quantum Physics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, MoE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China, and Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

^*Contact author: wangfulai@lzu.edu.cn
^†Contact author: xiangliu@lzu.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. D 113, 094037 – Published 28 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dm2v-v795

Abstract

The discovery of hidden-charm pentaquarks and open-flavor tetraquarks motivates the search for even more exotic hadron configurations. In this work, we investigate genuinely exotic molecular pentaquark candidates comprising five different flavors, focusing on the $Ξ_{b}^{(', *)} {\bar{D}}^{(*)}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{(', *)} B^{(*)}$ systems. Employing the one-boson-exchange model with the $S − D$ wave mixing and coupled-channel dynamics, we identify the most promising molecular pentaquark candidates comprising five different flavors. These include the $Ξ_{b} \bar{D}$ , $Ξ_{b}^{'} \bar{D}$ , $Ξ_{c} B$ , and $Ξ_{c}^{'} B$ states with $I (J^{P}) = 0 (1 / 2^{-})$ , the $Ξ_{b} {\bar{D}}^{*}$ , $Ξ_{b}^{'} {\bar{D}}^{*}$ , $Ξ_{c} B^{*}$ , and $Ξ_{c}^{'} B^{*}$ states with $I (J^{P}) = 0 (1 / 2^{-}, 3 / 2^{-})$ , the $Ξ_{b}^{*} \bar{D}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{*} B$ states with $I (J^{P}) = 0 (3 / 2^{-})$ , as well as the $Ξ_{b}^{*} {\bar{D}}^{*}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{*} B^{*}$ states with $I (J^{P}) = 0 (1 / 2^{-}, 3 / 2^{-}, 5 / 2^{-})$ . Importantly, these loosely bound states exhibit pronounced spin splittings across different total angular momentum configurations after incorporating the spin-dependent interactions or the channel couplings. In addition, we identify several possible isovector molecular pentaquark candidates within the $Ξ_{b}^{(', *)} {\bar{D}}^{(*)}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{(', *)} B^{(*)}$ systems. Our predictions provide clear targets for experimental searches at facilities such as LHCb and Belle II, where the unique five-flavor quark configuration offers a distinctive experimental signature.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Strong interaction

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 094037– Published 28 May, 2026

Vol. 113, Iss. 9 — 1 May 2026

Received 26 March 2026
Accepted 8 May 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dm2v-v795

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

Published by the American Physical Society

Physical Review D

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Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the $Ξ_{b}^{(', )} {\bar{D}}^{()}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{(', )} B^{()}$ systems

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Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the Ξb(′,*)D¯(*) and Ξc(′,*)B(*) systems

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Five-flavor molecular pentaquarks in the $Ξ_{b}^{(', )} {\bar{D}}^{()}$ and $Ξ_{c}^{(', )} B^{()}$ systems