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Sensitivity of DUNE in the presence of off-diagonal scalar NSI parameters

Arnab Sarker1,*, Dharitree Bezboruah1,†, Abinash Medhi2,‡, and Moon Moon Devi1,§

  • *Contact author: arnabs@tezu.ernet.in
  • †Contact author: dbbphy1@tezu.ernet.in
  • ‡Contact author: abinashmedhi0@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: devimm@tezu.ernet.in
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 035042 – Published 28 August, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dj83-rw9c

Abstract

Scalar nonstandard interactions (SNSI) present an exciting pathway for probing potential new physics that extends beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The scalar coupling of neutrinos with matter can appear as a subdominant effect that can impact the neutrino oscillation probabilities. The uniqueness of these interactions lies in their direct effect on the neutrino mass matrix, which makes oscillations sensitive to the absolute neutrino mass. The impact of SNSI scales linearly with matter density, which motivates its exploration in the long-baseline sector. The presence of SNSI can influence the key measurements in the field of neutrino physics, including the determination of the leptonic CP phase (δCP), neutrino mass ordering, and θ23 octant. The precise determination of δCP is one of the major goals of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which is an upcoming long-baseline experiment. A better understanding of the impact of SNSI on CP measurement sensitivities is crucial for accurate interpretation of δCP phase. We have analytically explored the dependence of probabilities on the absolute ν masses and fundamental mixing parameters in the presence of SNSI. We observe that the presence of off-diagonal SNSI elements |ηαβ| and their associated phases ϕαβ can significantly affect the CP-measurement sensitivities at DUNE. We note that CP-violation sensitivities also depend on the absolute neutrino masses. We look for constraining the off-diagonal parameters for different lightest neutrino masses. We observe that |ηαβ| is more tightly constrained if the neutrino mass is higher. We also explore their correlation with δCP, investigating potential degeneracies that can arise due to SNSI phases (ϕαβ). We also perform a correlation study among different SNSI elements.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 035042– Published 28 August, 2025
  • Received 10 December 2024
  • Accepted 8 August 2025
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