- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for dijet production in polarized proton-proton collisions at s=200  GeV

B. E. Aboona59, J. Adam17, G. Agakishiev32, I. Aggarwal45, M. M. Aggarwal45, Z. Ahammed66, A. Aitbayev32, I. Alekseev3,41, E. Alpatov41 et al. (STAR Collaboration)

E. Alpatov41, A. K. Alshammri33, E. C. Aschenauer7, A. Aparin32, S. Aslam21, J. Atchison2, G. S. Averichev32, V. Bairathi57, X. Bao53, P. Barik26, K. Barish12, S. Behera27, P. Bhagat31, A. Bhasin31, S. Bhatta56, I. G. Bordyuzhin3, J. D. Brandenburg44, A. V. Brandin41, C. Broodo24, X. Z. Cai54, H. Caines70, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez10, D. Cebra10, J. Ceska17, I. Chakaberia36, Y. S. Chang47, Z. Chang29, A. Chatterjee18, D. Chen12, J. H. Chen21, L. Chen13, Q. Chen22, W. Chen21, Z. Chen53, J. Cheng62, Y. Cheng11, W. Christie7, X. Chu7, S. Corey44, H. J. Crawford9, G. Dale-Gau17, A. Das17, D. De Souza Lemos7, T. G. Dedovich32, I. M. Deppner23, A. A. Derevschikov46, A. Deshpande56, A. Dhamija45, A. Dimri56, P. Dixit21, X. Dong36, J. L. Drachenberg2, E. Duckworth33, J. C. Dunlop7, Y. S. El-Feky5, J. Engelage9, G. Eppley48, S. Esumi63, O. Evdokimov14, O. Eyser7, B. Fan13, Y. Fang62, R. Fatemi34, S. Fazio8, H. Feng13, Y. Feng13, E. Finch55, Y. Fisyak7, F. A. Flor70, B. Fu13, C. Fu30, T. Fu53, T. Gao53, Y. Gao21, G. Garcia7, F. Geurts48, A. Gibson65, A. Giri24, K. Gopal27, M. Gordon12, X. Gou53, D. Grosnick65, A. Gu25, J. Gu21, A. Gupta31, A. Hamed5, R. J. Hamilton70, J. Han13, X. Han44, M. D. Harasty10, J. W. Harris70, H. Harrison-Smith34, L. B. Havener70, X. H. He30, Y. He53, C. Hu64, Q. Hu30, Y. Hu36, H. Huang43,1, H. Z. Huang11, S. L. Huang56, T. Huang14, Y. Huang19, Y. Huang30, Y. Huang21, M. Isshiki63, W. W. Jacobs29, A. Jalotra31, C. Jena27, Y. Ji64, J. Jia56,7, X. Jiang13, C. Jin48, Y. Jin13, N. Jindal44, X. Ju50, E. G. Judd9, S. Kabana57, D. Kalinkin34, J. Kang52, K. Kang62, A. R. Kanuganti7, D. Kapukchyan12, K. Kauder7, D. Keane33, A. Kechechyan32, M. Kesler33, A. Khanal68, A. Khanal58, J. Kim7, A. Kiselev7, A. G. Knospe37, L. Kochenda41, Y. Kong13, A. A. Korobitsin32, B. Korodi44, A. Yu. Kraeva41, P. Kravtsov41, L. Kumar45, M. C. Labonte10, R. Lacey56, J. M. Landgraf7, C. Larson34, A. Lebedev7, R. Lednicky32, J. H. Lee7, Y. H. Leung23, C. Li13, D. Li50, H-S. Li47, H. Li69, H. Li22, H. Li13, W. Li48, X. Li50, X. Li50, Y. Li62, Z. Li51, Z. Li50, X. Liang12, T. Lin53, Y. Lin22, C. Liu30, G. Liu51, H. Liu25, L. Liu53, L. Liu21, Z. Liu21, Z. Liu13, T. Ljubicic48, O. Lomicky17, E. M. Loyd12, T. Lu30, J. Luo50, X. F. Luo13, V. B. Luong32, L. Ma21, R. Ma7, Y. G. Ma21, N. Magdy60, B. Maghoul12, R. Manikandhan24, O. Matonoha17, K. Menduli26, K. Mi64, N. G. Minaev46, B. Mohanty42, B. Mondal42, M. M. Mondal38, I. Mooney70, D. A. Morozov46, M. I. Nagy19, C. J. Naim56, A. S. Nain45, J. D. Nam58, M. Nasim26, H. Nasrulloh50, E. Nedorezov32, J. M. Nelson9, M. Nie53, G. Nigmatkulov14, T. Niida63, L. V. Nogach46, T. Nonaka63, G. Odyniec36, A. Ogawa7, S. Oh52, V. A. Okorokov41, K. Okubo63, B. S. Page7, M. Pal58, S. Pal17, A. Pandav36, A. Panday26, A. K. Pandey67, Y. Panebratsev32, T. Pani49, P. Parfenov41, A. Paul12, S. Paul56, C. Perkins9, S. Ping21, I. D. Ponce Pinto70, M. Posik58, E. Pottebaum70, A. Povarov41, S. Prodhan27, T. L. Protzman37, N. K. Pruthi45, J. Putschke68, Y. Qi13, Z. Qin62, H. Qiu30, S. K. Radhakrishnan33, A. Rana45, R. L. Ray61, C. W. Robertson47, O. V. Rogachevsky32, M. A. Rosales Aguilar34, D. Roy49, L. Ruan7, A. K. Sahoo30, N. R. Sahoo27, H. Sako63, S. Salur49, S. S. Sambyal31, E. Samigullin3, D. T. Samuel33, J. K. Sandhu37, S. Sato63, B. C. Schaefer37, N. Schmitz39, J. Seger16, R. Seto12, P. Seyboth39, N. Shah28, E. Shahaliev32, P. V. Shanmuganathan7, T. Shao21, M. Sharma31, R. Sharma27, S. R. Sharma27, A. I. Sheikh33, D. Shen53, D. Y. Shen30, K. Shen50, S. Shi13, Y. Shi53, Shilpa33, E. Shulga7, F. Si50, J. Singh57, S. Singha30, P. Sinha27, M. J. Skoby6,47, Y. Söhngen23, Y. Song70, T. D. S. Stanislaus65, M. Strikhanov41, Y. Su50, X. Sun30, Y. Sun50, B. Surrow58, D. N. Svirida3, Z. W. Sweger10, A. C. Tamis70, A. H. Tang7, Z. Tang50, A. Taranenko41, T. Tarnowsky40, J. H. Thomas36, A. Timofeev32, D. Tlusty16, M. V. Tokarev32, D. Torres-Valladares48, S. Trentalange11, O. D. Tsai11,7, C. Y. Tsang33,7, Z. Tu7, J. E. Tyler59, T. Ullrich7, D. G. Underwood4,65, G. Van Buren7, A. N. Vasiliev46,41, F. Videbæk7, S. Vokal32, S. A. Voloshin68, F. Wang47, G. Wang11, G. Wang13, J. S. Wang25, J. Wang53, K. Wang50, X. Wang53, Y. Wang50, Y. Wang13, Y. Wang62, Z. Wang21, Z. Wang13, J. C. Webb7, P. C. Weidenkaff23, G. D. Westfall40, H. Wieman36, G. Wilks14, S. W. Wissink29, C. P. Wong7, J. Wu64, X. Wu11, X. Wu50, X. Wu13, B. Xi21, Y. Xiao21, Z. G. Xiao62, G. Xie64, W. Xie47, H. Xu25, N. Xu13, Q. H. Xu53, X. Xu62, Y. Xu53, Y. Xu21, Y. Xu13, Y. Xu30, Z. Xu33, Z. Xu4, G. Yan53, Z. Yan56, C. Yang53, Q. Yang53, S. Yang51, Y. Yang1,43, Z. Ye51, Z. Ye36, L. Yi53, Y. Yu53, W. Yuan62, W. Zha50, C. Zhang21, D. Zhang51, J. Zhang53, K. Zhang13, L. Zhang13, S. Zhang15, W. Zhang51, W. Zhang12, X. Zhang30, Y. Zhang30, Y. Zhang50, Y. Zhang53, Y. Zhang22, Z. Zhang7, Z. Zhang14, F. Zhao35, J. Zhao21, S. Zhou13, Y. Zhou13, C. Zhu13, X. Zhu62, M. Zurek4,7, and M. Zyzak20 (STAR Collaboration)

  • 1Academia Sinica, Nankang, 115
  • 2Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
  • 3Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 117218
  • 4Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
  • 5American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
  • 6Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
  • 7Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
  • 8University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
  • 9University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
  • 10University of California, Davis, California 95616
  • 11University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
  • 12University of California, Riverside, California 92521
  • 13Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
  • 14University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
  • 15Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331
  • 16Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
  • 17Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
  • 18National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur—713209, India
  • 19ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
  • 20Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
  • 21Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
  • 22Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004
  • 23University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
  • 24University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
  • 25Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
  • 26Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
  • 27Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
  • 28Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
  • 29Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
  • 30Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
  • 31University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
  • 32Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
  • 33Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
  • 34University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
  • 35Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000
  • 36Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
  • 37Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
  • 38Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar—Delhi G.T. Road, Pagwara, Panjab, 144411, India
  • 39Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
  • 40Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
  • 41National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
  • 42National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
  • 43National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
  • 44The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
  • 45Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
  • 46NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
  • 47Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
  • 48Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
  • 49Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
  • 50University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
  • 51South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
  • 52Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
  • 53Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
  • 54Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
  • 55Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
  • 56State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
  • 57Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
  • 58Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
  • 59Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
  • 60Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, 77004
  • 61University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
  • 62Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
  • 63University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
  • 64University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408
  • 65Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
  • 66Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
  • 67Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
  • 68Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
  • 69Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065
  • 70Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520

PDF

Phys. Rev. D 114, L011504 – Published 22 July, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dd1f-hvj2

Abstract

We report a new measurement of transverse single-spin asymmetries for dijet production in collisions of polarized protons at s=200  GeV. Correlations between the proton spin and the transverse momenta of its partons, each perpendicular to the proton momentum direction, are probed at high Q2≈160  GeV2. Evidence for nonzero Sivers effects is measured for the first time in dijets from proton-proton collisions, but only when the jets are sorted by their net charge, which enhances the otherwise canceling opposite-sign u- or d-quark contributions to separate data samples. The resulting asymmetries are compared to recent theoretical calculations. Separately, the associated Sivers observable ⟨kT⟩, the average parton transverse momentum, is extracted using a simple kinematics approach which further enables a determination of the individual partonic contributions to the observed asymmetries.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (62)

  1. C. A. Aidala, S. D. Bass, D. Hasch, and G. K. Mallot, Rev. Mod. Phys. 85, 655 (2013).
  2. M. Anselmino, A. Mukherjee, and A. Vossen, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 114, 103806 (2020).
  3. A. Accardi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 268 (2016).
  4. D. Sivers, Phys. Rev. D 41, 83 (1990).
  5. G. L. Kane, J. Pumplin, and W. Repko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1689 (1978).
  6. J. Adam et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 103, 092009 (2021).
  7. J. Qiu and G. Sterman, Phys. Rev. D 59, 014004 (1998).
  8. A. V. Efremov and O. V. Teryaev, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 36, 140 (1982), https://inspirehep.net/literature/167526.
  9. D. Boer, P. Mulders, and F. Pijlman, Nucl. Phys. B667, 201 (2003).
  10. A. Airapetian et al. (The HERMES Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 012002 (2005).
  11. A. Airapetian et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 152002 (2009).
  12. X. Qian et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 072003 (2011).
  13. C. Adolph et al., Phys. Lett. B 717, 383 (2012).
  14. K. Allada et al. (Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 89, 042201 (2014).
  15. C. Adolph et al., Phys. Lett. B 744, 250 (2015).
  16. A. Airapetian et al. (HERMES Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2020) 010.
  17. G. D. Alexeev et al. (COMPASS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 101903 (2024).
  18. M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, A. Kotzinian, F. Murgia, and A. Prokudin, Phys. Rev. D 72, 094007 (2005).
  19. W. Vogelsang and F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 72, 054028 (2005).
  20. J. C. Collins, A. V. Efremov, K. Goeke, S. Menzel, A. Metz, and P. Schweitzer, Phys. Rev. D 73, 014021 (2006).
  21. M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, A. Kotzinian, S. Melis, F. Murgia, A. Prokudin, and C. Türk, Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 89 (2008).
  22. A. Bacchetta and M. Radici, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 212001 (2011).
  23. P. Sun and F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 88, 114012 (2013).
  24. M. G. Echevarria, A. Idilbi, Z.-B. Kang, and I. Vitev, Phys. Rev. D 89, 074013 (2014).
  25. M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, F. Murgia, and A. Prokudin, J. High Energy Phys. 4 (2017) 46.
  26. M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, C. Flore, J. Gonzalez-Hernandez, F. Murgia, and A. Prokudin, Phys. Lett. B 815, 136135 (2021).
  27. A. Bacchetta, F. Delcarro, C. Pisano, and M. Radici, Phys. Lett. B 827, 136961 (2022).
  28. M. Burkardt, Phys. Rev. D 69, 091501(R) (2004).
  29. A. Bacchetta, Valerio Bertone, Chiara Bissolotti, Giuseppe Bozzi, Matteo Cerutti, Fulvio Piacenza, Marco Radici, and Andrea Signori (MAP Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 10 (2022) 127.
  30. J. Cammarota, L. Gamberg, Z.-B. Kang, J. A. Miller, D. Pitonyak, A. Prokudin, T. C. Rogers, and N. Sato (Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 102, 054002 (2020).
  31. M. Bury, A. Prokudin, and A. Vladimirov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 112002 (2021).
  32. M. G. Echevarria, Z.-B. Kang, and J. Terry, J. High Energy Phys. 1 (2021) 126.
  33. S. J. Brodsky, D. S. Hwang, and I. Schmidt, Phys. Lett. B 530, 99 (2002).
  34. J. C. Collins, Phys. Lett. B 536, 43 (2002).
  35. M. Grosse Perdekamp and F. Yuan, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 65, 429 (2015).
  36. M. Aghasyan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 112002 (2017).
  37. L. Adamczyk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 132301 (2016).
  38. G. D. Alexeev et al. (COMPASS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 071902 (2024).
  39. D. Boer and W. Vogelsang, Phys. Rev. D 69, 094025 (2004).
  40. C. J. Bomhof and P. J. Mulders, AIP Conf. Proc. 915, 563 (2007).
  41. B. I. Abelev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 142003 (2007).
  42. C. J. Bomhof, P. J. Mulders, W. Vogelsang, and F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 75, 074019 (2007).
  43. A. Bacchetta, C. J. Bomhof, P. J. Mulders, and F. Pijlman, Phys. Rev. D 72, 034030 (2005).
  44. J. Collins and J.-W. Qiu, Phys. Rev. D 75, 114014 (2007).
  45. T. C. Rogers and P. J. Mulders, Phys. Rev. D 81, 094006 (2010).
  46. X. Liu, F. Ringer, W. Vogelsang, and F. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 102, 114012 (2020).
  47. Z.-B. Kang, K. Lee, D. Y. Shao, and J. Terry, J. High Energy Phys. 02 (2021) 066.
  48. K. H. Ackermann et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 624 (2003).
  49. M. Anderson et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 659 (2003).
  50. M. Beddo et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 725 (2003).
  51. C. Allgower et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 499, 740 (2003).
  52. O. Jinnouchi et al., in Spin 2004 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2005), p. 515.
  53. H. Okada et al., Phys. Lett. B 638, 450 (2006).
  54. RHIC Polarimetry Group, RHIC/CAD Accelerator Physics Note, 490 (2013).
  55. M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2008) 063.
  56. J. Adam et al., Phys. Rev. D 98, 032011 (2018).
  57. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/dd1f-hvj2 for supporting details and tables.
  58. P. Z. Skands, Phys. Rev. D 82, 074018 (2010).
  59. T. Sjostrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Z. Skands, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2006) 026.
  60. P. Z. Skands, arXiv:1005.3457.
  61. GEANT Detector description and simulation tool, CERN Program Library Long Write-up W5013, CERN Geneva.
  62. D. Krohn, M. D. Schwartz, T. Lin, and W. J. Waalewijn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 212001 (2013).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, L011504– Published 22 July, 2026
  • Received 21 May 2023
  • Revised 7 February 2024
  • Accepted 3 April 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation