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    Dark Energy Survey: DESI-independent angular BAO measurement

    J. Mena-Fernández1,2,*, S. Avila3, A. Porredon3,4, H. Camacho5,6, J. Muir7,8, E. Sanchez3, M. Adamow9, K. Bechtol10, R. Camilleri11 et al. (DES Collaboration)

    R. Camilleri11, G. Campailla12, T. M. Davis11, N. Deiosso3, C. Doux13,1, A. Drlica-Wagner14,15,16, A. Ferté17, R. A. Gruendl9,18, W. G. Hartley19, A. Pieres6,20, M. Raveri12, E. S. Rykoff21,17, I. Sevilla-Noarbe3, P. Shah22, E. Sheldon5, M. Vincenzi23, B. Yanny24, T. M. C. Abbott25, M. Aguena26,6, S. Allam15, O. Alves27, F. Andrade-Oliveira28, J. Annis15, D. Bacon29, J. Blazek30, S. Bocquet31, D. Brooks22, A. Carnero Rosell32,6,33, J. Carretero34, F. J. Castander35,36, R. Cawthon37, L. N. da Costa6, M. E. da Silva Pereira38, J. De Vicente3, S. Desai39, H. T. Diehl15, B. Flaugher15, J. Frieman14,15,16, J. García-Bellido40, M. Gatti16, D. Gruen31, G. Gutierrez15, K. Herner15, S. R. Hinton11, D. L. Hollowood41, K. Honscheid42,43, D. Huterer44, N. Jeffrey22, K. Kuehn45,46, O. Lahav22, S. Lee47, J. L. Marshall48, F. Menanteau9,18, R. Miquel49,34, J. J. Mohr31, J. Myles50, R. L. C. Ogando51,52, A. Palmese53, W. J. Percival54,8, A. A. Plazas Malagón21,17, M. Rodriguez-Monroy4, A. Roodman21,17, S. Samuroff30,34, D. Sanchez Cid3,28, B. O. Sánchez2, T. Shin55, M. Smith56, M. Soares-Santos28, E. Suchyta57, M. E. C. Swanson9, D. L. Tucker15, V. Vikram58, A. R. Walker25, N. Weaverdyck59,60, and M. Yamamoto50,61 (DES Collaboration)

    • 1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
    • 2Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
    • 3Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
    • 4Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, German Centre for Cosmological Lensing, 44780 Bochum, Germany
    • 5Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
    • 6Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia—LIneA, Av. Pastor Martin Luther King Jr, 126 Del Castilho, Nova América Offices, Torre 3000/sala 817 CEP: 20765-000, Brazil
    • 7Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
    • 8Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
    • 9Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 10Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390
    • 11School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
    • 12Department of Physics, University of Genova and INFN, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
    • 13Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
    • 14Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
    • 15Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
    • 16Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
    • 17SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
    • 18Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
    • 19Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Écogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
    • 20Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ—20921-400, Brazil
    • 21Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    • 22Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
    • 23Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
    • 24Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinos 60510, USA
    • 25Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
    • 26INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
    • 27Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michian 48109, USA
    • 28Physik-Institut, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
    • 29Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
    • 30Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
    • 31University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
    • 32Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
    • 33Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
    • 34Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
    • 35Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
    • 36Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
    • 37Oxford College of Emory University, Oxford, Georgia 30054, USA
    • 38Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
    • 39Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
    • 40Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
    • 41Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
    • 42Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    • 43Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
    • 44Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
    • 45Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
    • 46Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA
    • 47Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
    • 48George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
    • 49Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
    • 50Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
    • 51Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, Campinas, SP, Brazil—13069-901
    • 52Observatório Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil—20921-400
    • 53Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
    • 54Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
    • 55Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
    • 56Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
    • 57Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
    • 58Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
    • 59Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
    • 60Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
    • 61Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA

    • *Contact author: menafernandez@cppm.in2p3.fr

    Phys. Rev. D 113, 123521 – Published 11 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d474-zzzf

    Abstract

    We present a measurement of the angular baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale from the completed Dark Energy Survey (DES) dataset excluding the area of overlap with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We follow the same methodology and validation process as in the DES Y6 BAO analysis. We interpret the impact of this measurement in the context of the statistical preference for “w0wa cold dark matter (CDM) over ΛCDM when combined with DES Y5 Type Ia supernovae (SN), Planck CMB, and DESI BAO. Based on our previous work, using the full Y6 DES BAO sample, in combination with SN, CMB and DESI data release 1 (DR1) BAO, added 0.3σ in this preference (from 3.7σ to 4.0σ), but this ignored possible correlations between datasets. Using our new DESI-independent DES BAO likelihood instead, we find a smaller increase in the statistical preference for w0waCDM, from 3.7σ to 3.8σ when using DESI DR1 BAO, and from 4.0σ to 4.1σ when updating to the more recent DESI data release 2 (DR2) BAO. These significances reduce to 3.1σ when using the new calibrated DES SN-Dovekie. Alongside this work, we publicly release baofit_wtheta, the BAO fitting code for the angular correlation function used in the DES Y6 BAO analysis.

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