Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation

    Novel approach to probe the underlying event activity through transverse spherocity and relative transverse multiplicity activity event classifier

    Anuraag Rathore1,*, Arvind Khuntia2,†, and Prabhakar Palni1,‡

    • *Contact author: anuraag.rathore@cern.ch
    • †Contact author: arvind.khuntia@cern.ch
    • ‡Contact author: prabhakar@iitmandi.ac.in

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 116021 – Published 26 December, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cxxq-qhv3

    Abstract

    This study presents a novel multidifferential approach to probe the underlying event (UE) activity in proton–proton collisions at s=13  TeV using a combination of transverse spherocity (S0) and relative transverse multiplicity activity (RT) event classifiers. These two observables are used in conjunction to disentangle soft and hard quantum chromodynamics (QCD) processes while minimizing autocorrelation effects typically arising in event selection based solely on multiplicity. Events are categoriōzed into isotropic and jetlike topologies via S0, and further stratified based on UE activity using RT. The study reveals that isotropic events at low RT exhibit enhanced baryon-to-meson ratios, p/π, Λ/2KS0, and Λc+/D0, with a distinct peak at intermediate pT, indicative of collectivelike effects. In contrast, jetlike events show flatter distributions. The analysis is performed using pythia8.309 with Monash, rope hadronization, and QCD based new color reconnection (newCR) tunes. The rope model increases both strangeness and light baryon yields through amplified string tension, while the QCD based newCR model significantly enhances baryon production including charm baryons via the formation of junctions. Notably, Λc+/D0 shows strong sensitivity to newCR and rope models, highlighting the role of junction dynamics in charm hadronization. Our results show that collectivelike signatures in small systems can arise from initial- and intermediate-state QCD effects such as multiparton interactions and color reconnection without requiring final-state medium formation. This new event classification framework provides a powerful tool to probe nonperturbative QCD dynamics and improve hadronization models for current and future LHC data.

    Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

    Authorization Required

    We need you to provide your credentials before accessing this content.

    References (Subscription Required)

    Outline

    Information

    Sign In to Your Journals Account

    Filter

    Filter

    Article Lookup

    Enter a citation