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Primordial black hole formation and multimessenger signals in a complex singlet extension of the standard model

Fa Peng Huang, Chikako Idegawa*, and Aidi Yang

  • MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission, TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics and School of Physics and Astronomy, Frontiers Science Center for TianQin, Gravitational Wave Research Center of CNSA, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China

  • *Contact author: idegawa@mail.sysu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055013 – Published 4 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cxh3-bpl6

Abstract

We investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) induced by a first-order electroweak phase transition in a realistic renormalizable framework, the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model. We perform a quantitative analysis of the PBH abundance and identify parameter regions consistent with current microlensing constraints. Furthermore, we show that the same parameter space predicts observable stochastic gravitational waves within the sensitivities of future space-based detectors, as well as a sizable deviation in the Higgs triple coupling that can be probed at future lepton colliders. Our results highlight a comprehensive multimessenger framework in which PBHs, gravitational waves, and collider observations can jointly test the dynamics of a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 055013– Published 4 March, 2026
  • Received 6 November 2025
  • Accepted 13 February 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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