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NLO corrections to dimuonium production in photon-photon collision

Qi-Ming Feng1, Si-Mao Guo1,2, Qi-Wei Hu1, Cong-Feng Qiao1,3,*, Qi-Ming Qiu3, Yu-Jie Tian1,2, Bai-Rong Zhang3, Hao Zhang2,1,4,†, Xuan-Heng Zhang1 et al.

Bo-Ting Zhou1,2

  • *Contact author: qiaocf@ucas.ac.cn
  • †Contact author: zhanghao@ihep.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. D 112, 073001 – Published 6 October, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cq6f-rkpn

Abstract

Dimuonium (μ+μ−) is one of the pure QED bound systems of leptons, together with positronium and ditauonium. The former had been observed in an experiment in 1951 [M. Deutsch, Phys. Rev. 82, 455 (1951)], while the search for dimuonium and ditauonium (τ+τ−) are still in vain. The ditauonium is thought to be hard to measure due to its short life time, whereas the dimuonium is very likely to be observed in current running experiments. We calculate in this work the para and ortho dimuonium production in photon-photon collision at the next-to-leading order (NLO) in QED. To handle the Coulomb divergence within the bound system, the nonrelativistic QED description is adopted for consistency. The results indicate that the NLO corrections are negative for both para and ortho states, at the normal order of perturbative QED corrections. The measurement of the dimuonium in the Belle II experiment, especially at the forthcoming facility of STCF, is tenable.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 073001– Published 6 October, 2025
  • Received 21 August 2025
  • Accepted 15 September 2025
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