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  • Open Access

Mechanical properties of the proton from a deformed AdS holographic model

Ayrton Nascimento* and Henrique Boschi-Filho†

  • *Contact author: ayrton@pos.if.ufrj.br
  • †Contact author: boschi@if.ufrj.br
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 106020 – Published 18 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cj1h-x3yt

Abstract

We study the gravitational form factors of the proton and some of its mechanical properties. We use a holographic model based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, in which a deformation in the anti–de Sitter background geometry is considered. By describing the proton as a Dirac field in this background, we numerically evaluate the gluon contribution of its gravitational form factors A and C from its energy-momentum tensor. A comparison of our numerical results with respect to some lattice QCD results and previous results in holography is made. In general, a good agreement is found. We also evaluate the term D and make use of it to compute the pressure and shear distributions in the system, which result in a stable composed particle interpretation consistent with the von Laue stability condition. The energy distribution in the system is also obtained. Internal forces are investigated to support this picture. We are also able to compute the radii associated with these distributions in the proton.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 106020– Published 18 May, 2026
  • Received 3 December 2025
  • Accepted 27 March 2026
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