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    Template bank for subsolar mass compact binary mergers in the fourth observing run of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA

    Chad Hanna1,2,3,4,*, James Kennington1,2,*, Wanting Niu1,2,*, Shio Sakon1,2,*, Divya Singh1,2,5,*, Shomik Adhicary1,2, Pratyusava Baral6, Amanda Baylor6, Kipp Cannon7 et al.

    Sarah Caudill8,9, Bryce Cousins10,1,2, Jolien D. E. Creighton6, Becca Ewing1,2, Heather Fong11,7,12, Richard N. George13, Patrick Godwin14,1,2, Reiko Harada7,12, Yun-Jing Huang1,2, Rachael Huxford1,2, Prathamesh Joshi1,2, Soichiro Kuwahara7,12, Alvin K. Y. Li7,12, Ryan Magee15, Duncan Meacher6, Cody Messick6, Soichiro Morisaki16, Debnandini Mukherjee17,18, Alexander Pace1,2, Cort Posnansky1,2, Anarya Ray6,19, Surabhi Sachdev20,6, Stefano Schmidt21,22, Urja Shah20, Ron Tapia1,4, Leo Tsukada1,2,23,24, Koh Ueno7, Aaron Viets25, Leslie Wade26, Madeline Wade26, Zach Yarbrough27, and Noah Zhang20

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.

    Phys. Rev. D 112, 044013 – Published 8 August, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c97v-bmj8

    Abstract

    Matched-filtering searches for gravitational-wave signals from compact binary mergers employ template banks which are a collection of modeled waveforms described by unique intrinsic parameters. We present two banks designed for low-latency and archive subsolar mass (SSM) searches in data from the fourth observing run of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA, and demonstrate the efficacy of the banks via simulated signals. Further, we introduce several new methodological developments to the geometric placement algorithm [C. Hanna et al., Phys. Rev. D 108, 042003 (2023); C. Hanna, manifold (2024)], including a more stable metric-estimation technique and a boundary-padding procedure. Together, these enhancements enable the method to work for exceedingly low component masses necessary for SSM bank production, representing the first successful application of the manifold-method to lower-mass regions of the compact binary parameter space. The archive search bank contains a total of 3,452,006 templates, and covers a mass parameter space of 0.2 to 10M⊙ in the larger component and 0.2 to 1.0M⊙ in the smaller component, the spin parameter space of −0.9 to 0.9 for masses above 0.5M⊙ and −0.1 to 0.1 for masses below 0.5M⊙, and the mass ratio parameter space of 1 to 10. The power spectral density used was from a week of the first half of the fourth observing run of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA, and the low frequency cutoff was set to 45 Hz with a maximum waveform duration of 128 secs. The bank simulations performed using sbank have shown that the banks presented in this paper have sufficient efficacy for use in their respective searches.

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