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Determination of proton electromagnetic form factors from DVCS measurements

Anoushiravan Moradi1, Muhammad Goharipour2,3, H. Fatehi1, and K. Azizi1,4,3,* (MMGPDs Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: kazem.azizi@ut.ac.ir
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 054034 – Published 23 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c8q9-vxtn

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the proton electromagnetic form factors (FFs) using exclusive photon leptoproduction (EP) data in kinematic regions where the Bethe-Heitler (BH) contribution dominates the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section. By exploiting the sensitivity of the BH amplitude to the Dirac and Pauli FFs, we extract F1(t), F2(t), and the corresponding Sachs FFs within several fitting scenarios based on dipole and P-pole parametrizations, and evaluate the charge and magnetic radii of the proton. In this fitting scenario, we show that EP measurements in the range 0.11<|t|<0.45  GeV2 can provide constraints on F1(t), while offering limited sensitivity to F2(t). The extracted charge radius values tend to be smaller than those obtained from traditional elastic electron-proton scattering measurements and are consistent, within uncertainties, with recent high-precision PRad results. These findings indicate that EP measurements, especially when covering smaller values of |t|, can serve as a complementary tool for determining the proton electromagnetic structure and may contribute to ongoing efforts to better understand the proton charge radius. The methodology developed here provides a framework for future combined analyses of EP and elastic electron-proton scattering data which enables a unified determination of the nucleon FFs.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 054034– Published 23 March, 2026
  • Received 6 December 2025
  • Accepted 3 March 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

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