Open Access

Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of $DMRadio- m^{3}$

A. AlShirawi ¹, V. Ankel ^1,2, C. Bartram ^2,3, J. Begin ⁴, C. Bell ^1,2, J. N. Benabou ^5,6, L. Brouwer ⁷, S. Chaudhuri ⁴, H.-M. Cho ^2,3 et al. (DMRadio Collaboration)

H.-M. Cho ^2,3, J. Corbin ^1,2, W. Craddock ³, S. Cuadra ¹⁰, A. Droster ^9,*, J. Echevers ⁹, J. W. Foster ^8,†, J. T. Fry ¹⁰, P. W. Graham ¹, R. Henning ^11,12, K. D. Irwin ^1,2,3, F. Kadribasic ^1,2, Y. Kahn ¹³, A. Keller ⁹, R. Kolevatov ⁴, S. Kuenstner ^1,2, A. Kunder ^1,2, N. Kurita ³, A. F. Leder ^9,14, D. Li ^2,3, N. Otto ⁴, J. L. Ouellet ¹⁰, K. M. W. Pappas ¹⁰, A. Phipps ¹⁵, N. M. Rapidis ^1,2,‡, B. R. Safdi ^5,6, C. P. Salemi ^1,2,3, M. Simanovskaia ^1,2, J. Singh ^1,2, P. Stark ^1,2,3, E. C. van Assendelft ^1,2, K. van Bibber ⁹, K. Wells ¹, J. Wiedemann ⁴, L. Winslow ¹⁰, W. J. Wisniewski ³, D. Wright ^2,16, A. K. Yi ^2,3, and B. A. Young ¹⁷ (DMRadio Collaboration)

¹Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
²Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
³SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
⁴Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
⁵Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
⁶Theoretical Physics Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
⁷Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
⁸Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
⁹Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
¹⁰Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
¹²Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
¹³Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
¹⁴Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
¹⁵Department of Physics, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California 94542, USA
¹⁶Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
¹⁷Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA

^*Contact author: adroster@berkeley.edu
^†Contact author: jwfoster@mit.edu
^‡Contact author: rapidis@stanford.edu

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 052001 – Published 2 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bwgd-kxsb

Abstract

$DMRadio- m^{3}$ is an experimental search for dark matter axions. It uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. $DMRadio- m^{3}$ is designed to be sensitive to Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky (DFSZ) QCD axion models in the 10–200 MHz ( $41 neV / c^{2} - 0.83 μ eV / c^{2}$ ) range, and to axions with $g_{a γ γ} = g_{a γ γ, DFSZ} (30 MHz) = 1.87 \times 10^{- 17} {GeV}^{- 1}$ over 5–30 MHz as an extended goal. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of $DMRadio- m^{3}$ , which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of 2 larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30–200 MHz can be achieved with a $3 σ$ live scan time of 2.9 years.

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Phys. Rev. D 112, 052001– Published 2 September, 2025

Vol. 112, Iss. 5 — 1 September 2025

Received 6 May 2025
Accepted 24 July 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bwgd-kxsb

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of $DMRadio- m^{3}$

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Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of DMRadio-m3

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (78)

Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of $DMRadio- m^{3}$