- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review D

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Mesogenesis through the ephemeral dark decay of B mesons

Hooman Davoudiasl1,*, Rachel Houtz2,†, and Seyda Ipek3,‡

  • *Contact author: hooman@bnl.gov
  • †Contact author: rachel.houtz@ufl.edu
  • ‡Contact author: Seyda.Ipek@carleton.ca
PDF

Phys. Rev. D 114, 055043 – Published 23 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/bf37-vb8h

Abstract

Mesogenesis provides a path for generating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, using only the CP violation furnished by the Standard Model in the decay of B mesons. While this is an intriguing possibility, it is largely constrained by the data on B meson branching fractions into baryons and missing energy carried into the dark sector. We point out that it is possible to make this branching fraction dominant only in the early Universe, through an ultralight scalar coupled to the dark sector and the Standard Model leptons. A scenario is examined where the thermal density of muons in the early Universe temporarily lowers the mass of a dark fermion, allowing for efficient B meson decays. This “dark” decay channel is shut off later when the muon number density falls, making the scenario compatible with flavor data. Our model can be consistent with the LHC constraints on color-charged heavy bosons required to implement mesogenesis; such states may be discovered in the future runs as their masses cannot be far above the current bounds. We also outline other possible signals, which can arise in future displaced vertex searches, long range force searches, and observations of neutron star binary mergers.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (42)

  1. M. Tanabashi et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018).
  2. A. D. Sakharov, Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 5, 32 (1967).
  3. M. B. Gavela, P. Hernandez, J. Orloff, and O. Pene, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 9, 795 (1994).
  4. M. B. Gavela, M. Lozano, J. Orloff, and O. Pene, Nucl. Phys. B430, 345 (1994).
  5. M. B. Gavela, P. Hernandez, J. Orloff, O. Pene, and C. Quimbay, Nucl. Phys. B430, 382 (1994).
  6. P. Huet and E. Sather, Phys. Rev. D 51, 379 (1995).
  7. G. Elor, R. Houtz, S. Ipek, and M. Ulloa, Phys. Rev. D 112, L011701 (2025).
  8. M. Berkooz, Y. Nir, and T. Volansky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 051301 (2004).
  9. G. Perez and T. Volansky, Phys. Rev. D 72, 103522 (2005).
  10. S. Bruggisser, T. Konstandin, and G. Servant, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 11 (2017) 034.
  11. I. Baldes, T. Konstandin, and G. Servant, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2016) 073.
  12. B. von Harling and G. Servant, J. High Energy Phys. 05 (2017) 077.
  13. I. Baldes, T. Konstandin, and G. Servant, Phys. Lett. B 786, 373 (2018).
  14. S. Bruggisser, B. von Harling, O. Matsedonskyi, and G. Servant, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 131801 (2018).
  15. S. Bruggisser, B. von Harling, O. Matsedonskyi, and G. Servant, J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2018) 099.
  16. K. Fuyuto, W.-S. Hou, and E. Senaha, Phys. Lett. B 776, 402 (2018).
  17. F. Elahi, G. Elor, and R. McGehee, Phys. Rev. D 105, 055024 (2022).
  18. G. Elor, M. Escudero, and A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. D 99, 035031 (2019).
  19. G. Alonso-Álvarez, G. Elor, A. E. Nelson, and H. Xiao, J. High Energy Phys. 03 (2020) 046.
  20. A. E. Nelson and H. Xiao, Phys. Rev. D 100, 075002 (2019).
  21. H. Bagherian, M. Ekhterachian, and S. Stelzl, J. High Energy Phys. 01 (2026) 068.
  22. C. Baruch, G. Elor, J. M. Goldberg, O. Shtaif, and Y. Soreq, Phys. Rev. D 114, 035044 (2026).
  23. B. Batell and A. Ghalsasi, Phys. Rev. D 107, L091701 (2023).
  24. D. Croon, G. Elor, R. Houtz, H. Murayama, and G. White, Phys. Rev. D 105, L061303 (2022).
  25. A. Lenz and G. Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi, J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2020) 177.
  26. G. Alonso-Álvarez, G. Elor, and M. Escudero, Phys. Rev. D 104, 035028 (2021).
  27. C. Hadjivasiliou et al. (Belle Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 105, L051101 (2022).
  28. J. P. Lees et al. (BABAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 107, 092001 (2023).
  29. G. Hiller, A. Rodríguez-Sánchez, and D. Wendler, arXiv:2602.15936.
  30. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D 104, 032006 (2021).
  31. A. Choudhury, A. Mondal, and S. Mondal, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 233, 2187 (2024).
  32. A. M. Sirunyan et al. (CMS Collaboration), J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2018) 130.
  33. D. Croon, H. Davoudiasl, and R. Houtz, Phys. Rev. D 106, 035006 (2022).
  34. D. F. G. Fiorillo, A. Lella, G. G. Raffelt, N. Selimovic, and E. Vitagliano, arXiv:2605.24094.
  35. P. Fayet, Phys. Rev. D 97, 055039 (2018).
  36. P. Touboul et al. (MICROSCOPE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 121102 (2022).
  37. J. Bergé, P. Brax, G. Métris, M. Pernot-Borràs, P. Touboul, and J.-P. Uzan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 141101 (2018).
  38. H. Davoudiasl and P. P. Giardino, Phys. Lett. B 788, 270 (2019).
  39. S. S. Gubser and P. J. E. Peebles, Phys. Rev. D 70, 123511 (2004).
  40. J. A. Dror, R. Laha, and T. Opferkuch, Phys. Rev. D 102, 023005 (2020).
  41. Z. Liu and Z.-W. Tang, Phys. Rev. D 112, 055021 (2025).
  42. R. Garani and J. Heeck, Phys. Rev. D 100, 035039 (2019).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. D 114, 055043– Published 23 September, 2026
  • Received 2 June 2026
  • Accepted 19 August 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation