Linear stability of nonrelativistic Proca stars
Phys. Rev. D 113, 064037 – Published 20 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/b211-tqgm
Abstract
We study the linear stability of nonrelativistic Proca stars under generic perturbations. Using a combination of analytic and numerical methods, we demonstrate that, as expected, the ground state is always mode-stable. Additionally, we identify several mode-stable spherically symmetric excited states, including stationary states of constant and radial polarization, as well as multifrequency states in case that the spin-spin self-interaction vanishes. The existence of stable excited states may have implications for spin-1 ultralight dark matter models.
